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Pronunciation[edit]
IPA(key): /ᵑǀîːpʰa/
-ncîpha
- (intransitive) to decrease, to diminish, to dwindle, to lessen, to shorten, to shrink, to wane, to become less, to become smaller
- (intransitive) to be slim, to lose weight
Inflection[edit]
Tone HH
|
Infinitive
|
ukuncipha
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukuncipha
|
ukunganciphi
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
ncipha
|
-nciphe
|
Plural
|
nciphani
|
-ncipheni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyancipha, ngincipha
|
enginciphayo, engincipha
|
ngincipha
|
anginciphi
|
enginganciphi
|
nginganciphi
|
2nd singular
|
uyancipha, uncipha
|
onciphayo, oncipha
|
uncipha
|
awunciphi
|
onganciphi
|
unganciphi
|
1st plural
|
siyancipha, sincipha
|
esinciphayo, esincipha
|
sincipha
|
asinciphi
|
esinganciphi
|
singanciphi
|
2nd plural
|
niyancipha, nincipha
|
eninciphayo, enincipha
|
nincipha
|
aninciphi
|
eninganciphi
|
ninganciphi
|
Class 1
|
uyancipha, uncipha
|
onciphayo, oncipha
|
encipha
|
akanciphi
|
onganciphi
|
enganciphi
|
Class 2
|
bayancipha, bancipha
|
abanciphayo, abancipha
|
bencipha
|
abanciphi
|
abanganciphi
|
benganciphi
|
Class 3
|
uyancipha, uncipha
|
onciphayo, oncipha
|
uncipha
|
awunciphi
|
onganciphi
|
unganciphi
|
Class 4
|
iyancipha, incipha
|
enciphayo, encipha
|
incipha
|
ayinciphi
|
enganciphi
|
inganciphi
|
Class 5
|
liyancipha, lincipha
|
elinciphayo, elincipha
|
lincipha
|
alinciphi
|
elinganciphi
|
linganciphi
|
Class 6
|
ayancipha, ancipha
|
anciphayo, ancipha
|
encipha
|
awanciphi
|
anganciphi
|
enganciphi
|
Class 7
|
siyancipha, sincipha
|
esinciphayo, esincipha
|
sincipha
|
asinciphi
|
esinganciphi
|
singanciphi
|
Class 8
|
ziyancipha, zincipha
|
ezinciphayo, ezincipha
|
zincipha
|
azinciphi
|
ezinganciphi
|
zinganciphi
|
Class 9
|
iyancipha, incipha
|
enciphayo, encipha
|
incipha
|
ayinciphi
|
enganciphi
|
inganciphi
|
Class 10
|
ziyancipha, zincipha
|
ezinciphayo, ezincipha
|
zincipha
|
azinciphi
|
ezinganciphi
|
zinganciphi
|
Class 11
|
luyancipha, luncipha
|
olunciphayo, oluncipha
|
luncipha
|
alunciphi
|
olunganciphi
|
lunganciphi
|
Class 14
|
buyancipha, buncipha
|
obunciphayo, obuncipha
|
buncipha
|
abunciphi
|
obunganciphi
|
bunganciphi
|
Class 15
|
kuyancipha, kuncipha
|
okunciphayo, okuncipha
|
kuncipha
|
akunciphi
|
okunganciphi
|
kunganciphi
|
Class 17
|
kuyancipha, kuncipha
|
okunciphayo, okuncipha
|
kuncipha
|
akunciphi
|
okunganciphi
|
kunganciphi
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
nginciphile, nginciphē
|
enginciphile, enginciphē
|
nginciphile, nginciphē
|
anginciphanga
|
enginganciphanga
|
nginganciphanga
|
2nd singular
|
unciphile, unciphē
|
onciphile, onciphē
|
unciphile, unciphē
|
awunciphanga
|
onganciphanga
|
unganciphanga
|
1st plural
|
sinciphile, sinciphē
|
esinciphile, esinciphē
|
sinciphile, sinciphē
|
asinciphanga
|
esinganciphanga
|
singanciphanga
|
2nd plural
|
ninciphile, ninciphē
|
eninciphile, eninciphē
|
ninciphile, ninciphē
|
aninciphanga
|
eninganciphanga
|
ninganciphanga
|
Class 1
|
unciphile, unciphē
|
onciphile, onciphē
|
enciphile, enciphē
|
akanciphanga
|
onganciphanga
|
enganciphanga
|
Class 2
|
banciphile, banciphē
|
abanciphile, abanciphē
|
benciphile, benciphē
|
abanciphanga
|
abanganciphanga
|
benganciphanga
|
Class 3
|
unciphile, unciphē
|
onciphile, onciphē
|
unciphile, unciphē
|
awunciphanga
|
onganciphanga
|
unganciphanga
|
Class 4
|
inciphile, inciphē
|
enciphile, enciphē
|
inciphile, inciphē
|
ayinciphanga
|
enganciphanga
|
inganciphanga
|
Class 5
|
linciphile, linciphē
|
elinciphile, elinciphē
|
linciphile, linciphē
|
alinciphanga
|
elinganciphanga
|
linganciphanga
|
Class 6
|
anciphile, anciphē
|
anciphile, anciphē
|
enciphile, enciphē
|
awanciphanga
|
anganciphanga
|
enganciphanga
|
Class 7
|
sinciphile, sinciphē
|
esinciphile, esinciphē
|
sinciphile, sinciphē
|
asinciphanga
|
esinganciphanga
|
singanciphanga
|
Class 8
|
zinciphile, zinciphē
|
ezinciphile, ezinciphē
|
zinciphile, zinciphē
|
azinciphanga
|
ezinganciphanga
|
zinganciphanga
|
Class 9
|
inciphile, inciphē
|
enciphile, enciphē
|
inciphile, inciphē
|
ayinciphanga
|
enganciphanga
|
inganciphanga
|
Class 10
|
zinciphile, zinciphē
|
ezinciphile, ezinciphē
|
zinciphile, zinciphē
|
azinciphanga
|
ezinganciphanga
|
zinganciphanga
|
Class 11
|
lunciphile, lunciphē
|
olunciphile, olunciphē
|
lunciphile, lunciphē
|
alunciphanga
|
olunganciphanga
|
lunganciphanga
|
Class 14
|
bunciphile, bunciphē
|
obunciphile, obunciphē
|
bunciphile, bunciphē
|
abunciphanga
|
obunganciphanga
|
bunganciphanga
|
Class 15
|
kunciphile, kunciphē
|
okunciphile, okunciphē
|
kunciphile, kunciphē
|
akunciphanga
|
okunganciphanga
|
kunganciphanga
|
Class 17
|
kunciphile, kunciphē
|
okunciphile, okunciphē
|
kunciphile, kunciphē
|
akunciphanga
|
okunganciphanga
|
kunganciphanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāncipha
|
engāncipha
|
ngāncipha
|
anginciphanga
|
enginganciphanga
|
nginganciphanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāncipha
|
owāncipha
|
wāncipha
|
awunciphanga
|
onganciphanga
|
unganciphanga
|
1st plural
|
sāncipha
|
esāncipha
|
sāncipha
|
asinciphanga
|
esinganciphanga
|
singanciphanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāncipha
|
enāncipha
|
nāncipha
|
aninciphanga
|
eninganciphanga
|
ninganciphanga
|
Class 1
|
wāncipha
|
owāncipha
|
āncipha
|
akanciphanga
|
onganciphanga
|
enganciphanga
|
Class 2
|
bāncipha
|
abāncipha
|
bāncipha
|
abanciphanga
|
abanganciphanga
|
benganciphanga
|
Class 3
|
wāncipha
|
owāncipha
|
wāncipha
|
awunciphanga
|
onganciphanga
|
unganciphanga
|
Class 4
|
yāncipha
|
eyāncipha
|
yāncipha
|
ayinciphanga
|
enganciphanga
|
inganciphanga
|
Class 5
|
lāncipha
|
elāncipha
|
lāncipha
|
alinciphanga
|
elinganciphanga
|
linganciphanga
|
Class 6
|
āncipha
|
āncipha
|
āncipha
|
awanciphanga
|
anganciphanga
|
enganciphanga
|
Class 7
|
sāncipha
|
esāncipha
|
sāncipha
|
asinciphanga
|
esinganciphanga
|
singanciphanga
|
Class 8
|
zāncipha
|
ezāncipha
|
zāncipha
|
azinciphanga
|
ezinganciphanga
|
zinganciphanga
|
Class 9
|
yāncipha
|
eyāncipha
|
yāncipha
|
ayinciphanga
|
enganciphanga
|
inganciphanga
|
Class 10
|
zāncipha
|
ezāncipha
|
zāncipha
|
azinciphanga
|
ezinganciphanga
|
zinganciphanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāncipha
|
olwāncipha
|
lwāncipha
|
alunciphanga
|
olunganciphanga
|
lunganciphanga
|
Class 14
|
bāncipha
|
obāncipha
|
bāncipha
|
abunciphanga
|
obunganciphanga
|
bunganciphanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāncipha
|
okwāncipha
|
kwāncipha
|
akunciphanga
|
okunganciphanga
|
kunganciphanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāncipha
|
okwāncipha
|
kwāncipha
|
akunciphanga
|
okunganciphanga
|
kunganciphanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingancipha
|
—
|
ngingancipha
|
ngingenciphe
|
—
|
ngingenciphe
|
2nd singular
|
ungancipha
|
—
|
ungancipha
|
ungenciphe
|
—
|
ungenciphe
|
1st plural
|
singancipha
|
—
|
singancipha
|
singenciphe
|
—
|
singenciphe
|
2nd plural
|
ningancipha
|
—
|
ningancipha
|
ningenciphe
|
—
|
ningenciphe
|
Class 1
|
angancipha
|
—
|
engancipha
|
angenciphe
|
—
|
engenciphe
|
Class 2
|
bangancipha
|
—
|
bengancipha
|
bangenciphe
|
—
|
bengenciphe
|
Class 3
|
ungancipha
|
—
|
ungancipha
|
ungenciphe
|
—
|
ungenciphe
|
Class 4
|
ingancipha
|
—
|
ingancipha
|
ingenciphe
|
—
|
ingenciphe
|
Class 5
|
lingancipha
|
—
|
lingancipha
|
lingenciphe
|
—
|
lingenciphe
|
Class 6
|
angancipha
|
—
|
engancipha
|
angenciphe
|
—
|
engenciphe
|
Class 7
|
singancipha
|
—
|
singancipha
|
singenciphe
|
—
|
singenciphe
|
Class 8
|
zingancipha
|
—
|
zingancipha
|
zingenciphe
|
—
|
zingenciphe
|
Class 9
|
ingancipha
|
—
|
ingancipha
|
ingenciphe
|
—
|
ingenciphe
|
Class 10
|
zingancipha
|
—
|
zingancipha
|
zingenciphe
|
—
|
zingenciphe
|
Class 11
|
lungancipha
|
—
|
lungancipha
|
lungenciphe
|
—
|
lungenciphe
|
Class 14
|
bungancipha
|
—
|
bungancipha
|
bungenciphe
|
—
|
bungenciphe
|
Class 15
|
kungancipha
|
—
|
kungancipha
|
kungenciphe
|
—
|
kungenciphe
|
Class 17
|
kungancipha
|
—
|
kungancipha
|
kungenciphe
|
—
|
kungenciphe
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizoncipha
|
engizoncipha
|
ngizoncipha
|
angizuncipha
|
engingezuncipha
|
ngingezuncipha
|
2nd singular
|
uzoncipha
|
ozoncipha
|
uzoncipha
|
awuzuncipha
|
ongezuncipha
|
ungezuncipha
|
1st plural
|
sizoncipha
|
esizoncipha
|
sizoncipha
|
asizuncipha
|
esingezuncipha
|
singezuncipha
|
2nd plural
|
nizoncipha
|
enizoncipha
|
nizoncipha
|
anizuncipha
|
eningezuncipha
|
ningezuncipha
|
Class 1
|
uzoncipha
|
ozoncipha
|
ezoncipha
|
akazuncipha
|
ongezuncipha
|
engezuncipha
|
Class 2
|
bazoncipha
|
abazoncipha
|
bezoncipha
|
abazuncipha
|
abangezuncipha
|
bengezuncipha
|
Class 3
|
uzoncipha
|
ozoncipha
|
uzoncipha
|
awuzuncipha
|
ongezuncipha
|
ungezuncipha
|
Class 4
|
izoncipha
|
ezoncipha
|
izoncipha
|
ayizuncipha
|
engezuncipha
|
ingezuncipha
|
Class 5
|
lizoncipha
|
elizoncipha
|
lizoncipha
|
alizuncipha
|
elingezuncipha
|
lingezuncipha
|
Class 6
|
azoncipha
|
azoncipha
|
ezoncipha
|
awazuncipha
|
angezuncipha
|
engezuncipha
|
Class 7
|
sizoncipha
|
esizoncipha
|
sizoncipha
|
asizuncipha
|
esingezuncipha
|
singezuncipha
|
Class 8
|
zizoncipha
|
ezizoncipha
|
zizoncipha
|
azizuncipha
|
ezingezuncipha
|
zingezuncipha
|
Class 9
|
izoncipha
|
ezoncipha
|
izoncipha
|
ayizuncipha
|
engezuncipha
|
ingezuncipha
|
Class 10
|
zizoncipha
|
ezizoncipha
|
zizoncipha
|
azizuncipha
|
ezingezuncipha
|
zingezuncipha
|
Class 11
|
luzoncipha
|
oluzoncipha
|
luzoncipha
|
aluzuncipha
|
olungezuncipha
|
lungezuncipha
|
Class 14
|
buzoncipha
|
obuzoncipha
|
buzoncipha
|
abuzuncipha
|
obungezuncipha
|
bungezuncipha
|
Class 15
|
kuzoncipha
|
okuzoncipha
|
kuzoncipha
|
akuzuncipha
|
okungezuncipha
|
kungezuncipha
|
Class 17
|
kuzoncipha
|
okuzoncipha
|
kuzoncipha
|
akuzuncipha
|
okungezuncipha
|
kungezuncipha
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyoncipha
|
engiyoncipha
|
ngiyoncipha
|
angiyuncipha
|
engingeyuncipha
|
ngingeyuncipha
|
2nd singular
|
uyoncipha
|
oyoncipha
|
uyoncipha
|
awuyuncipha
|
ongeyuncipha
|
ungeyuncipha
|
1st plural
|
siyoncipha
|
esiyoncipha
|
siyoncipha
|
asiyuncipha
|
esingeyuncipha
|
singeyuncipha
|
2nd plural
|
niyoncipha
|
eniyoncipha
|
niyoncipha
|
aniyuncipha
|
eningeyuncipha
|
ningeyuncipha
|
Class 1
|
uyoncipha
|
oyoncipha
|
eyoncipha
|
akayuncipha
|
ongeyuncipha
|
engeyuncipha
|
Class 2
|
bayoncipha
|
abayoncipha
|
beyoncipha
|
abayuncipha
|
abangeyuncipha
|
bengeyuncipha
|
Class 3
|
uyoncipha
|
oyoncipha
|
uyoncipha
|
awuyuncipha
|
ongeyuncipha
|
ungeyuncipha
|
Class 4
|
iyoncipha
|
eyoncipha
|
iyoncipha
|
ayiyuncipha
|
engeyuncipha
|
ingeyuncipha
|
Class 5
|
liyoncipha
|
eliyoncipha
|
liyoncipha
|
aliyuncipha
|
elingeyuncipha
|
lingeyuncipha
|
Class 6
|
ayoncipha
|
ayoncipha
|
eyoncipha
|
awayuncipha
|
angeyuncipha
|
engeyuncipha
|
Class 7
|
siyoncipha
|
esiyoncipha
|
siyoncipha
|
asiyuncipha
|
esingeyuncipha
|
singeyuncipha
|
Class 8
|
ziyoncipha
|
eziyoncipha
|
ziyoncipha
|
aziyuncipha
|
ezingeyuncipha
|
zingeyuncipha
|
Class 9
|
iyoncipha
|
eyoncipha
|
iyoncipha
|
ayiyuncipha
|
engeyuncipha
|
ingeyuncipha
|
Class 10
|
ziyoncipha
|
eziyoncipha
|
ziyoncipha
|
aziyuncipha
|
ezingeyuncipha
|
zingeyuncipha
|
Class 11
|
luyoncipha
|
oluyoncipha
|
luyoncipha
|
aluyuncipha
|
olungeyuncipha
|
lungeyuncipha
|
Class 14
|
buyoncipha
|
obuyoncipha
|
buyoncipha
|
abuyuncipha
|
obungeyuncipha
|
bungeyuncipha
|
Class 15
|
kuyoncipha
|
okuyoncipha
|
kuyoncipha
|
akuyuncipha
|
okungeyuncipha
|
kungeyuncipha
|
Class 17
|
kuyoncipha
|
okuyoncipha
|
kuyoncipha
|
akuyuncipha
|
okungeyuncipha
|
kungeyuncipha
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
nginciphe
|
nginganciphi
|
2nd singular
|
unciphe
|
unganciphi
|
1st plural
|
sinciphe
|
singanciphi
|
2nd plural
|
ninciphe
|
ninganciphi
|
Class 1
|
anciphe
|
anganciphi
|
Class 2
|
banciphe
|
banganciphi
|
Class 3
|
unciphe
|
unganciphi
|
Class 4
|
inciphe
|
inganciphi
|
Class 5
|
linciphe
|
linganciphi
|
Class 6
|
anciphe
|
anganciphi
|
Class 7
|
sinciphe
|
singanciphi
|
Class 8
|
zinciphe
|
zinganciphi
|
Class 9
|
inciphe
|
inganciphi
|
Class 10
|
zinciphe
|
zinganciphi
|
Class 11
|
lunciphe
|
lunganciphi
|
Class 14
|
bunciphe
|
bunganciphi
|
Class 15
|
kunciphe
|
kunganciphi
|
Class 17
|
kunciphe
|
kunganciphi
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngancipha
|
ngangancipha, angancipha, angangancipha
|
2nd singular
|
wancipha
|
wangancipha, awancipha, awangancipha
|
1st plural
|
sancipha
|
sangancipha, asancipha, asangancipha
|
2nd plural
|
nancipha
|
nangancipha, anancipha, anangancipha
|
Class 1
|
wancipha
|
wangancipha, akancipha, akangancipha
|
Class 2
|
bancipha
|
bangancipha, abancipha, abangancipha
|
Class 3
|
wancipha
|
wangancipha, awancipha, awangancipha
|
Class 4
|
yancipha
|
yangancipha, ayancipha, ayangancipha
|
Class 5
|
lancipha
|
langancipha, alancipha, alangancipha
|
Class 6
|
ancipha
|
angancipha, awancipha, awangancipha
|
Class 7
|
sancipha
|
sangancipha, asancipha, asangancipha
|
Class 8
|
zancipha
|
zangancipha, azancipha, azangancipha
|
Class 9
|
yancipha
|
yangancipha, ayancipha, ayangancipha
|
Class 10
|
zancipha
|
zangancipha, azancipha, azangancipha
|
Class 11
|
lwancipha
|
lwangancipha, alwancipha, alwangancipha
|
Class 14
|
bancipha
|
bangancipha, abancipha, abangancipha
|
Class 15
|
kwancipha
|
kwangancipha, akwancipha, akwangancipha
|
Class 17
|
kwancipha
|
kwangancipha, akwancipha, akwangancipha
|
References[edit]