orcaid

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• orgaid, orggaid

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *orgeti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erg- (“perish”). Cognate with Hittite 𒄯𒀝𒍣 (ḫar-ak-zi /⁠ḫarkzi⁠/).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈoɾ.ɡəðʲ/
  • (Blasse) [ˈoɾ.ɡɪðʲ]
  • (Griffith) [ˈoɾ.ɡɨðʲ]

Verb

orcaid (conjunct ·oirc or ·oirg, verbal noun orcun)

1. to kill, slay

   Synonym: marbaid

   For quotations using this term, see Citations:orcaid.

Inflection

This verb augments to form perfect forms with the usual prefix ro-. However, virtually all its compounds use com- instead for this purpose.

Simple, class B I present, t preterite, s future, s subjunctive

		active						passive
		singular			plural			singular	plural
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
present indicative	abs.			orcaid, orggaid			orgait
	conj.			·oirc; ·oirg			·orcat	·orgar
	rel.			orcas			oircte
imperfect indicative								·oircthe
preterite	abs.			oirt				ortae
	conj.	·urt	·uirt	·ort	·ortammar	·ortid	·ortatar	·ort
	rel.			orta
perfect	deut.			ro·ort
	prot.			·rort
future	abs.			íurthund (with suffixed pronoun -unn)			iurait
	conj.	·iurr	·íírr	·ior			·iurat
	rel.			íuras
conditional					·íurmais
present subjunctive	abs.
	conj.		·oir	·orr			·orat
	rel.
past subjunctive
imperative
verbal noun		orcun
past participle		ortae
verbal of necessity

Derived terms

• as·oirc
• con·oirg
• con·rerortatar
• con·túairc
• do·essairg
• do·fúairc
• do·immoirc
• fris·oirc

Descendants

• Middle Irish: oirgid, airgid
  • Irish: arg

Mutation

Mutation of orcaid

radical	lenition	nasalization
orcaid (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	orcaid	n-orcaid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “orcaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909], D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, page 466; reprinted 2017
• Pedersen, Holger (1913), Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen [Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages] (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, § 791, pages 587–588