overdrive

English

This car has a column shifter for a manual transmission (a three-on-the-tree) and also has a separate overdrive unit controlled by another lever (a T-handle, low on the dash).

This transmission is a 3-speed with overdrive, and the forward gears are labeled as 1-2-3-4.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (verb) /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈdɹaɪv/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• IPA^(key): (noun) /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdɹaɪv/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

Etymology 1

From Middle English overdriven, from Old English oferdrīfan, equivalent to over- +‎ drive. Cognate with Saterland Frisian uurdrieuwe (“to overdo, overstate”), Dutch overdrijven (“to exaggerate”), German Low German overdrieven, överdrieven (“to overdo, exaggerate”), German übertreiben (“to overdo, exaggerate”), Norwegian overdrive (“to exaggerate”).

Verb

overdrive (third-person singular simple present overdrives, present participle overdriving, simple past overdrove, past participle overdriven)

1. (transitive) To drive too hard, or far, or beyond strength.

Etymology 2

From over- +‎ drive, originally referring to gear ratios over 1:1.

Noun

overdrive (countable and uncountable, plural overdrives)

2. (dated, automotive) A gear, on an automobile, higher than the traditional top gear, mainly to allow better fuel economy at highway speeds. In the 21st century, such gears are no longer viewed as "extra" and thus rarely called by this name.

   Synonyms: (initialisms) OD, O/D, O.D.

   Coordinate terms: fourth gear, fifth gear

   Near-synonym: top gear

   In the 1970s, many transmission designs were revised to add an overdrive gear.

   • 1981 October, Popular Mechanics, volume 156, number 4, page 201:

     Cruising in overdrive at legal highway speed keeps rpm right at 1800, depending on rear-axle ratio.

4. (uncountable, figurative) A state of heightened activity.

   Synonyms: top gear; full throttle

   Antonym: low gear

   overdrive pacing

   The campaign has been in overdrive since the recent announcement.

   • 2000, Salman Rushdie, The ground beneath her feet, page 78:

     It is true, though it's got nothing to do with me, that the building boom that created the Bombay of my childhood went into overdrive in the years before my birth

   • 2022 July 26, Mike Isaac, “‘Operating With Increased Intensity’: Zuckerberg Leads Meta Into Next Phase”, in The New York Times‎^[1], →ISSN:

     So, Mr. Zuckerberg has kicked his company into overdrive with a strong message: It’s time to do more with less.

6. (euphemistic, slang) Freewheeling (driving a vehicle with the transmission in neutral) on downhill stretches to achieve higher fuel economy and/or speed than otherwise. In colloquial registers, ethnically bigoted variants have been common, such as Jewish overdrive (alluding to the stereotype of miserly Jews) or Mexican overdrive or Polish overdrive (alluding to stereotypes of foolishness and poverty).

   Synonym: see at angel gear

   Of course overdrive is forbidden for dump trucks in the quarry because it is unsafe, but unscrupulous workers were found to be using it because of a perverse incentive involving tonnage piece rates.

7. (engineering, mechanical) A gear ratio higher than 1:1: one in which a single revolution of the driving element corresponds to more than one revolution of the driven element.

Derived terms

• Georgia overdrive
• Jewish overdrive
• Mexican overdrive
• Polish overdrive

Translations

gear on an automobile

• Bulgarian: please add this translation if you can
• Finnish: ylivaihde
• French: surmultipliée (fr) f
• German: Schnellgang f, Overdrive (de) m
• Greek: πέμπτη (el) (pémpti)
• Italian: sovrautilizzo m
• Polish: nadbieg m
• Spanish: superdirecta f, sobremarcha f

state of heightened activity

• Bulgarian: please add this translation if you can
• Finnish: ylikierrokset
• French: surrégime (fr) m, surmenage (fr)
• Greek: υπερτάχυνση f (ypertáchynsi)
• Polish: przester m

See also

• hyperdrive
• oversteer
• understeer
• upshift

Danish

Etymology

over- +‎ drive, after German übertreiben.

Verb

overdrive (imperative overdriv, present overdriver, past overdrev, past participle overdrevet, c overdreven, definite or plural overdrevne)

1. to exaggerate

   Antonym: underdrive

2. to overdo

Conjugation

Conjugation of overdrive

active passive infinitive overdrive overdrives present overdriver overdrives past overdrev — imperative overdriv — participle present overdrivende past (have / havde) overdrevet gerund overdriven

Derived terms

• overdrivelse

References

• “overdrive” in Den Danske Ordbog

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

over- +‎ drive; after German übertreiben

Verb

overdrive (imperative overdriv, present tense overdriver, simple past overdrev or overdreiv, past participle overdrevet, present participle overdrivende)

1. to exaggerate (overstate, to describe more than is fact)

Derived terms

• overdrivelse

Related terms

• overdreven

References

• “overdrive” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Adjective

overdrive

1. neuter of overdriven

Verb

overdrive (present tense overdriv, past tense overdreiv, supine overdrive, past participle overdriven, present participle overdrivande, imperative overdriv)

1. alternative form of overdriva