podstawowy

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Polish

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Etymology

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From podstawa +‎ -owy. Sense 1, sense 2, sense 3, sense 4 and sense 5 are semantic loans from English basic or basal, French fondamental, German grundlegend, and Russian основно́й (osnovnój).[1] First attested in 1808.[2]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /pɔt.staˈvɔ.vɘ/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɔvɘ
  • Syllabification: pod‧sta‧wo‧wy

Adjective

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podstawowy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

  1. basic, fundamental (most important)
    Synonyms: fundamentalny, zasadniczy
  2. basic (having a general nature)
  3. basic, elementary (at the lowest level of an educational hierarchy)
  4. basic, elementary (of something acquired at an early stage of education)
  5. (finance) basic (one that does not take into account additional income)
    Synonym: zasadniczy
  6. (relational, originally) base (concerning or being at the base of something)

Declension

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Derived terms

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nouns

Descendants

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  • Kashubian: pòdstawòwi (calque)
  • Silesian: podstawowy

Trivia

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According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), podstawowy is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 37 times in scientific texts, 32 times in news, 80 times in essays, 5 times in fiction, and 2 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 156 times, making it the 369th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[3]

References

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  1. ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “podstawowy”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  2. ^ Onufry Kopczyński (1808) Poprawa błędów w ustnéy i pisanéy mowie polskiéy (in Polish), page 29
  3. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “podstawowy”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 388

Further reading

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