polir
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin polīre, present active infinitive of poliō.
Pronunciation
Verb
polir (first-person singular present poleixo, first-person singular preterite polí, past participle polit)
- to shine; to make a surface very smooth or shiny by rubbing, cleaning, or grinding (often polish up)
- to refine; remove imperfections
Conjugation
Derived terms
Further reading
- “polir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “polir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “polir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “polir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
French
Etymology
From Latin polīre, present active infinitive of poliō (“I polish”).
Pronunciation
Verb
polir
- to shine; to make a surface very smooth or shiny by rubbing, cleaning, or grinding (often polish up)
- to refine; remove imperfections
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
infinitive | simple | polir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | polissant /pɔ.li.sɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | poli /pɔ.li/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | polis /pɔ.li/ |
polis /pɔ.li/ |
polit /pɔ.li/ |
polissons /pɔ.li.sɔ̃/ |
polissez /pɔ.li.se/ |
polissent /pɔ.lis/ |
imperfect | polissais /pɔ.li.sɛ/ |
polissais /pɔ.li.sɛ/ |
polissait /pɔ.li.sɛ/ |
polissions /pɔ.li.sjɔ̃/ |
polissiez /pɔ.li.sje/ |
polissaient /pɔ.li.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | polis /pɔ.li/ |
polis /pɔ.li/ |
polit /pɔ.li/ |
polîmes /pɔ.lim/ |
polîtes /pɔ.lit/ |
polirent /pɔ.liʁ/ | |
future | polirai /pɔ.li.ʁe/ |
poliras /pɔ.li.ʁa/ |
polira /pɔ.li.ʁa/ |
polirons /pɔ.li.ʁɔ̃/ |
polirez /pɔ.li.ʁe/ |
poliront /pɔ.li.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | polirais /pɔ.li.ʁɛ/ |
polirais /pɔ.li.ʁɛ/ |
polirait /pɔ.li.ʁɛ/ |
polirions /pɔ.li.ʁjɔ̃/ |
poliriez /pɔ.li.ʁje/ |
poliraient /pɔ.li.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | polisse /pɔ.lis/ |
polisses /pɔ.lis/ |
polisse /pɔ.lis/ |
polissions /pɔ.li.sjɔ̃/ |
polissiez /pɔ.li.sje/ |
polissent /pɔ.lis/ |
imperfect2 | polisse /pɔ.lis/ |
polisses /pɔ.lis/ |
polît /pɔ.li/ |
polissions /pɔ.li.sjɔ̃/ |
polissiez /pɔ.li.sje/ |
polissent /pɔ.lis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | polis /pɔ.li/ |
— | polissons /pɔ.li.sɔ̃/ |
polissez /pɔ.li.se/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Related terms
Descendants
- → German: polieren
Further reading
- “polir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Portuguese
Etymology
From Latin polīre, present active infinitive of poliō (“I polish”).
Pronunciation
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Verb
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- to polish; to shine; to make a surface very smooth or shiny by rubbing, cleaning, or grinding (often polish up)
- to refine; remove imperfections
Conjugation
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Further reading
Spanish
Verb
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Conjugation
Further reading
- “polir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan verbs
- Catalan third conjugation verbs
- Catalan third conjugation verbs with -eix-
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French verbs with conjugation -ir
- French second group verbs
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish obsolete forms