polir

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin polīre, present active infinitive of poliō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [puˈli]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [poˈliɾ]

Verb

polir (first-person singular present poleixo, first-person singular preterite polí, past participle polit)

1. to shine; to make a surface very smooth or shiny by rubbing, cleaning, or grinding (often polish up)
2. to refine; remove imperfections

Derived terms

• poliment
• polit

Further reading

• “polir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “polir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “polir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “polir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

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French

Etymology

From Latin polīre, present active infinitive of poliō (“I polish”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɔ.liʁ/

• audio:

  (file)

Verb

polir

1. to shine; to make a surface very smooth or shiny by rubbing, cleaning, or grinding (often polish up)
2. to refine; remove imperfections

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of polir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	polir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	polissant /pɔ.li.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		poli /pɔ.li/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	polis /pɔ.li/	polis /pɔ.li/	polit /pɔ.li/	polissons /pɔ.li.sɔ̃/	polissez /pɔ.li.se/	polissent /pɔ.lis/
	imperfect	polissais /pɔ.li.sɛ/	polissais /pɔ.li.sɛ/	polissait /pɔ.li.sɛ/	polissions /pɔ.li.sjɔ̃/	polissiez /pɔ.li.sje/	polissaient /pɔ.li.sɛ/
	past historic2	polis /pɔ.li/	polis /pɔ.li/	polit /pɔ.li/	polîmes /pɔ.lim/	polîtes /pɔ.lit/	polirent /pɔ.liʁ/
	future	polirai /pɔ.li.ʁe/	poliras /pɔ.li.ʁa/	polira /pɔ.li.ʁa/	polirons /pɔ.li.ʁɔ̃/	polirez /pɔ.li.ʁe/	poliront /pɔ.li.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	polirais /pɔ.li.ʁɛ/	polirais /pɔ.li.ʁɛ/	polirait /pɔ.li.ʁɛ/	polirions /pɔ.li.ʁjɔ̃/	poliriez /pɔ.li.ʁje/	poliraient /pɔ.li.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	polisse /pɔ.lis/	polisses /pɔ.lis/	polisse /pɔ.lis/	polissions /pɔ.li.sjɔ̃/	polissiez /pɔ.li.sje/	polissent /pɔ.lis/
	imperfect2	polisse /pɔ.lis/	polisses /pɔ.lis/	polît /pɔ.li/	polissions /pɔ.li.sjɔ̃/	polissiez /pɔ.li.sje/	polissent /pɔ.lis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	polis /pɔ.li/	—	polissons /pɔ.li.sɔ̃/	polissez /pɔ.li.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

• poli
• polissage

Descendants

• → German: polieren

Further reading

• “polir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin polīre, present active infinitive of poliō (“I polish”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pu.ˈliɾ/

Verb

1. to polish; to shine; to make a surface very smooth or shiny by rubbing, cleaning, or grinding (often polish up)
2. to refine; remove imperfections

Further reading

• Template:R:Priberam

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Spanish

Verb

1. Obsolete form of pulir.

Further reading

• “polir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014