prísť
Old Slovak
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *prijьti. By surface analysis, pri- + ísť.
Verb
[edit]prísť pf (imperfective prichádzať or prichodiť)
- to arrive, to come (of people or animals: to reach a place on foot or by vehicle)
- 1551, “RÁZTOČNÉ 1551”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- aby prissla aneb poslala swedomy yste
- that she should come or send certain witnesses
- 1608, “M. JÁN 1608”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- nemohl... do mesta Wjdne prygiti
- he could not come to the city of Vienna
- 1785, “BR 1785”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- Slováci s prvních svích sedlísk na tito strani príšli
- Slovaks came to these parts from their first settlements
- to arrive, to reach (of vehicles or means of transport: to move to a place)
- 1604, “ORAVA 1604”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- aby prazne wozy z Bycze hore zase neprissly wssecky
- so that the empty wagons from Bytča would not all come back up
- to return, to come back (to arrive back at the original place)
- 1582, “P. ĽUPČA 1582”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- kdy bil prissel z cesty
- when he had returned from his journey
- 1599, “ŽILINA 1599”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- kdy pryssel s Teplicze
- when he returned from Teplice
- 1635, “ZVOLEN 1635”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- kdy pani prissli (do) Sielnicze z prava
- when the lords returned to Sielnica from the court
- to present oneself, to appear before (to report to someone or an authority with a request) [with pred (+ accusative) or k (+ dative)]
- 1509, “P. ĽUPČA 1509”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- prissel gest Merthuss Beczko pred richtare
- Mertuš Bečko presented himself before the magistrate
- 1598, “ŽARNOVICA 1598”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- prissla ke mne tato vboha matrona
- this poor matron came to me
- to be delivered, to reach, to be reported (of letters, lawsuits, or news: to arrive at a destination) [with dative]
- 1575, “ZVOLEN 1575”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- nam zatym chyr pryssel welmj neszkoro
- meanwhile, the news reached us very late
- 1587, “SKLABIŇA 1587”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- jak nahle pryde odpowed
- as soon as the answer comes
- 1606, “SKLABIŇA 1606”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- kdy mne nowyna pryssla
- when the news reached me
- 1794, “HLOHOVEC 1794”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- ponos prisla
- a complaint was delivered
- to occur, to penetrate, to enter (of natural elements like water or rain)
- 1712, “ŽILINA 1712”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- prissla wnahle woda
- the water came suddenly
- 1716, “SPa 1716”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- prissel dessť a potoky
- the rain and streams came
- 1779, “VOv 1779”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- aby do ussi statku žádna woda neprissla
- so that no water would enter the ears of the livestock
- to originate, to arise, to come from (to result from a cause or source) [with od (+ genitive) or z (+ genitive)]
- 1585, “BAg 1585”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- to wsse prisslo gest z upadu prwnjch nassych rodycžow
- it all arose from the fall of our first parents
- 1752, “HPS 1752”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- tzesitzel prisol od matki tsisztej
- the Comforter came from the pure mother
- 1760, “HT 1760”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- nemoc z gine pričiny prissla
- the illness originated from a different cause
- to approach, to start, to commence (of a point in time or a deadline)
- 1562, “HLOHOVEC 1562”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- od teto stredj, kteraz pryde
- from this Wednesday, which is to come
- 1708, “AgS 1708”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- prissla hodina gegy
- her hour had come
- 1757, “KB 1757”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- sedem rokúw prigde úrodi welikég
- seven years of great harvest shall come
- to get into, to fall into (to find oneself in a certain state or circumstance) [with do (+ genitive) or na (+ accusative) or v (+ accusative) or k (+ dative)]
- prísť do mysli / na um / do pamäti ― to occur to someone; to remember (literally, “to come into the mind / memory”)
- prísť do rečí / na reč ― to fall into dispute; to argue (literally, “to come into speech / talk”)
- prísť do rečí ― to become the subject of gossip (literally, “to come into talks”)
- prísť k dospelosti / do rozumu ― to come of age (literally, “to come to maturity / reason”)
- prísť do starosti ― to reach old age (literally, “to come into old age”)
- prísť z očí ― to be hexed (literally, “to come from the eyes”)
- prísť na ranu ― to get within range (literally, “to come to the blow”)
- prísť vnivoč / nanič ― to come to nothing (literally, “to come to naught”)
- 1618, “TRNAVA 1618”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- uinohrad prisol bi na predai
- the vineyard would come to a sale
- 1645, “ZVOLEN 1645”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- na chromotu prissel
- he fell into lameness
- 1699, “PREŠOV 1699”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- do ubozstwa pryssli sme
- we fell into poverty
- 1785, “BR 1785”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- do pánství muhamedána... prijdúťi
- to come into the dominion of a Mohammedan
- to end up, to find oneself (to reach a specific place, record, or physical proximity)
- prísť do rúk / k rukám / pod ruky ― to fall into someone's hands; to come into the possession of (literally, “to come into hands”)
- prísť na oči ― to appear before someone (literally, “to come to the eyes”)
- prísť v uši ― to reach someone's ears (literally, “to come into the ears”)
- prísť do huby / na jazyk / v ústa ― to blurt out (literally, “to come into the mouth / onto the tongue”)
- prísť pod zuby ― to fall into someone's hands (literally, “to come under the teeth”)
- kedy prjgdess mezy wrany, musyss kwakat gako ony ― when in Rome, do as the Romans do (literally, “when you come among crows, you must croak like them”)
- 1745, “KRUPINA 1745”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- gako ten prsten k wam prinšgel
- how that ring ended up with you
- 1760, “BOCA 1760”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- wssecky weci magu do prothocola pristi
- all things must be entered into the protocol
- 18th c., “BlR 18. st”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- prissel do očissťa
- he arrived in purgatory
- to acquire, to obtain, to gain (to come into possession of something, including health or consciousness) [with k (+ dative) or do (+ genitive)]
- prísť k sebe ― to come to one's senses (literally, “to come to oneself”)
- prísť k svojmu ― to get what is one's due (literally, “to come to one's own”)
- 1596, “P. ĽUPČA 1596”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- k tim lazom prigiti
- to obtain those clearings
- 17th c., “H. STREDA 17. st LP”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- k penizom prigiti
- to gain money
- 1716, “H. JASENO 1716”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- k swemu zdrawy... prigity
- to regain his health
- to lose, to be deprived of (to be stripped of something) [with o (+ locative)]
- prísť o hrdlo / o život ― to lose one's life (literally, “to come about the throat / life”)
- prísť o rozum ― to lose one's mind (literally, “to come about the mind”)
- prísť o veniec ― to lose one's virginity (literally, “to come about the wreath”)
- 1621, “L. JÁN 1621”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- o swoge zdrawy prysel
- he lost his health
- 1682, “PREŠOV 1682”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- o wssetko sme prissli
- we lost everything
- to affect, to seize, to befall (of illness, burden, or fate: to come upon someone) [with na (+ accusative)]
- 1637, “D. RAKYTOVCE 1637”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- tazoba welka na mna bola prissla
- a great burden had befallen me
- 1672, “KRUPINA 1672”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- prisslo na mna zimou
- a chill seized me
- 1753, “KT 1753”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- prissel upad na dobitek
- a plague affected the livestock
- 1757, “KB 1757”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- nech prigde náňho sydlo
- let a snare befall him
- to pass to, to be assigned to (to pass into the ownership or responsibility of someone) [with na (+ accusative) or dative or k (+ dative)]
- 1579, “SUČANY 1579”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- statek na tehoss Martyna pryssel a spadol
- the estate fell and passed to that Martin
- 1620, “L. TRNOVEC 1620”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- ma ku dworu ladowskemu pryti
- it is to pass to the Ladov estate
- 1676, “ZVOLEN 1676”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- prissyel Badyn vrečyte na panou Eszterhazych
- Badín passed legally to the Esterházy lords
- to discover, to encounter, to stumble upon (to find something through search or chance) [with na (+ accusative)]
- 1610, “BOCA 1610”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- prissel by zase na rudu
- he would stumble upon the ore again
- 1734, “PP 1734”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- ktery na to byl prissel
- who had discovered that
- 1791, “KC 1791”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- na čo prissla, wssecko snedla
- whatever she found, she ate it all
- to belong to, to be due (to be owed as a reward or share)
- 1775, “PUKANEC 1775”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- z wina čo pridge
- whatever share of the wine is due
- to cost, to be valued at (to reach a certain price)
- 1775, “LU 1775”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- gak wysoko... wjna pridge
- how high the [price of] wine comes
- (impersonal) to be necessary
- 1571, “ANTOL 1571”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- czo przide, zaplatyti
- to pay what is necessary
- 1685, “VRŠATEC 1685”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- snad y druhich sedm pride dowest
- perhaps it will be necessary to bring another seven
- 1714, “RADVAŇ 1714”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- cistu skalu prislo kopat
- it was necessary to dig [through] solid rock
- (impersonal) to happen, to come to pass (to occur or reach a specific situation)
- 1603, “S. ĽUPČA 1603”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- kdy k tomu prysslo
- when it came to that
- 1772, “PODTUREŇ 1772 LP”, in Majtán, Milan et al., editor, Historický slovník slovenského jazyka, volume 4, Bratislava: VEDA, published 1995, →ISBN, →OCLC:
- na to nam prijde, že se musime rozist
- it will come to the point where we must part
Descendants
[edit]- Slovak: prísť
Further reading
[edit]- Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “prísť”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC
Slovak
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
Inherited from Old Slovak prísť. By surface analysis, pri- + ísť.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]prísť pf (imperfective prichádzať or prichodiť)
- (intransitive) to arrive, to come (of people or animals: to reach a place on foot or by vehicle)
- Synonyms: dospieť, dostať, doraziť, dôjsť
- prísť ako na zavolanie ― to come as if on cue (literally, “to come as if on call”)
- prísť s prázdnymi rukami ― to come empty-handed (literally, “to come with empty hands”)
- Konečne sme po dlhej ceste prišli domov. ― We finally arrived home after a long journey.
- (intransitive) to come (to arrive with a specific intention, goal, or to get something) [with po (+ accusative) or na (+ accusative)]
- (intransitive) to arrive (of transport: to reach a destination or station)
- (intransitive) to arrive, to come (of mail, news, or goods: to be delivered or announced) [with dative]
- (intransitive) to come, to break (of natural phenomena or weather: to start moving into a place)
- Synonyms: dostať, nastať, vypuknúť, doniesť
- prísť na (roz)um/myseľ/pamäť ― to come to mind (literally, “to come to mind/memory”)
- Zrazu prišla hustá hmla a nebolo vidieť ani na krok. ― Suddenly a thick fog came and you couldn't see even a step ahead.
- (intransitive) to come, to begin (of time, seasons, or events: to start occurring or approaching)
- (intransitive) to find oneself in, to get into (to enter a certain situation, state, or circumstance) [with do (+ genitive) or na (+ accusative)]
- Synonyms: ocitnúť, dostať
- prísť do biedy ― to fall into poverty (literally, “to come into misery”)
- prísť do styku ― to come into contact (literally, “to come into contact”)
- prísť do druhého stavu ― to get pregnant (literally, “to come into the second state”)
- prísť pod čepiec ― to get married (of a woman) (literally, “to come under the bonnet”)
- Nečakanými dlhmi prišiel do veľmi ťažkého položenia. ― He got into a very difficult situation due to unexpected debts.
- (intransitive) to acquire, to get (to obtain something, often by chance or effort) [with k (+ dative)]
- Synonyms: získať, nadobudnúť
- prísť k moci ― to come to power (literally, “to come to power”)
- prísť k vedomiu ― to come to one's senses (literally, “to come to consciousness”)
- prísť k sebe ― to recover (literally, “to come to oneself”)
- Ani sám nevedel, ako tak rýchlo prišiel k toľkým peniazom. ― He didn't even know himself how he acquired so much money so quickly.
- (intransitive) to lose (to be deprived of something or someone) [with o (+ accusative)]
- Synonym: stratiť
- Pri tom nešťastnom požiari prišli o celý svoj majetok. ― They lost their entire property in that unfortunate fire.
- (intransitive) to discover, to figure out (to reach a conclusion or solution by searching or thinking) [with na (+ accusative) or k (+ dative)]
- Synonyms: dospieť, zistiť, objaviť
- prísť niečomu na stopu ― to track something down (literally, “to come on the track of something”)
- Dlho sme nad tým premýšľali, až sme nakoniec prišli na riešenie. ― We thought about it for a long time until we finally figured out the solution.
- (intransitive) to be seized (to be affected by a sudden physical or mental sensation) [with na (+ accusative)]
- (intransitive, impersonal) to feel, to seem (to have a certain impression or emotion) [with dative and adverbial]
- (intransitive, impersonal) to get a share, to receive (to be given a portion of something being distributed) [with na (+ accusative) or dative]
- (intransitive) to occur by chance, to happen (to turn up or appear randomly)
- (intransitive, colloquial) to cost (to have a certain price or value) [with dative and na (+ accusative)]
- Synonym: stáť
- Táto oprava auta ma nakoniec prišla na poriadny balík peňazí. ― This car repair ended up costing me a huge amount of money.
- (intransitive) to benefit from (to have a certain utility or gain from something) [with dative and z (+ genitive)]
- Synonym: profitovať
- Čo ti príde z toho, že sa na mňa stále hneváš? ― What do you benefit from still being angry at me?
- (intransitive, impersonal) to have to, to be time to (expressing necessity, duty or appropriateness) [with dative; or with infinitive; or with na (+ accusative)]
- Synonyms: treba, načim, patriť, byť načase
- Keď prišlo na skutok, nikto z nich sa neodvážil prehovoriť. ― When it was time to act, none of them dared to speak up.
- (intransitive, impersonal) to occur, to happen (of an event, conflict, or phenomenon: to take place in time) [with k (+ dative) or na (+ accusative)]
- Synonyms: nastať, uskutočniť, dôjsť
- keď príde na lámanie chleba ― when it comes to the crunch (literally, “when it comes to the breaking of bread”)
- Po ostrej výmene názorov takmer prišlo k bitke. ― After a sharp exchange of views, a fight almost occurred.
- (copulative, colloquial) used as a copula to express a relationship or role: to be [with ako]
- Synonym: byť
- On mi vlastne príde ako vzdialený bratranec. ― He actually is like a distant cousin to me.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of prísť (perfective; irregular)
Conjugation of prísť (perfective; impersonal; irregular)
| infinitive | prísť | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| past | — | — | prišlo | — | — | — | |
| past perfect | — | — | bolo prišlo | — | — | — | |
| future | — | — | príde | — | — | — | |
| conditional | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| present | — | — | prišlo by | — | — | — | |
| past | — | — | bolo by prišlo | — | — | — | |
| non-finite forms | participles | transgressive | verbal noun | ||||
| present active | past active | passive | l-participle | ||||
| — | — | — | prišlo | — | prídenie | ||
Further reading
[edit]- “prísť”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026
Categories:
- Old Slovak terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ey-
- Old Slovak terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Slovak terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)
- Old Slovak terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Slovak terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Slovak terms prefixed with pri-
- Old Slovak lemmas
- Old Slovak verbs
- Old Slovak perfective verbs
- Old Slovak terms with quotations
- Old Slovak terms with collocations
- Old Slovak impersonal verbs
- Slovak terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Slovak terms inherited from Old Slovak
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Slovak terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ey-
- Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms derived from Old Slovak
- Slovak terms prefixed with pri-
- Slovak 1-syllable words
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Slovak/iːsc
- Rhymes:Slovak/iːsc/1 syllable
- Slovak lemmas
- Slovak verbs
- Slovak perfective verbs
- Slovak intransitive verbs
- Slovak terms with collocations
- Slovak terms with usage examples
- Slovak impersonal verbs
- Slovak colloquialisms
- Slovak copulative verbs
- Slovak irregular verbs