qhamuka

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-qhamuka^?

1. (intransitive) to grow

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

From qhamu +‎ -ka.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ǃʰamuːɠa/

Verb

-qhamuka

1. (intransitive) to appear from, to come from
2. (intransitive) to appear unexpectedly, to come suddenly into sight

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuqhamuka
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuqhamuka	ukungaqhamuki
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	qhamuka	-qhamuke
Plural	qhamukani	-qhamukeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaqhamuka, ngiqhamuka	engiqhamukayo, engiqhamuka	ngiqhamuka	angiqhamuki	engingaqhamuki	ngingaqhamuki
2nd singular	uyaqhamuka, uqhamuka	oqhamukayo, oqhamuka	uqhamuka	awuqhamuki	ongaqhamuki	ungaqhamuki
1st plural	siyaqhamuka, siqhamuka	esiqhamukayo, esiqhamuka	siqhamuka	asiqhamuki	esingaqhamuki	singaqhamuki
2nd plural	niyaqhamuka, niqhamuka	eniqhamukayo, eniqhamuka	niqhamuka	aniqhamuki	eningaqhamuki	ningaqhamuki
Class 1	uyaqhamuka, uqhamuka	oqhamukayo, oqhamuka	eqhamuka	akaqhamuki	ongaqhamuki	engaqhamuki
Class 2	bayaqhamuka, baqhamuka	abaqhamukayo, abaqhamuka	beqhamuka	abaqhamuki	abangaqhamuki	bengaqhamuki
Class 3	uyaqhamuka, uqhamuka	oqhamukayo, oqhamuka	uqhamuka	awuqhamuki	ongaqhamuki	ungaqhamuki
Class 4	iyaqhamuka, iqhamuka	eqhamukayo, eqhamuka	iqhamuka	ayiqhamuki	engaqhamuki	ingaqhamuki
Class 5	liyaqhamuka, liqhamuka	eliqhamukayo, eliqhamuka	liqhamuka	aliqhamuki	elingaqhamuki	lingaqhamuki
Class 6	ayaqhamuka, aqhamuka	aqhamukayo, aqhamuka	eqhamuka	awaqhamuki	angaqhamuki	engaqhamuki
Class 7	siyaqhamuka, siqhamuka	esiqhamukayo, esiqhamuka	siqhamuka	asiqhamuki	esingaqhamuki	singaqhamuki
Class 8	ziyaqhamuka, ziqhamuka	eziqhamukayo, eziqhamuka	ziqhamuka	aziqhamuki	ezingaqhamuki	zingaqhamuki
Class 9	iyaqhamuka, iqhamuka	eqhamukayo, eqhamuka	iqhamuka	ayiqhamuki	engaqhamuki	ingaqhamuki
Class 10	ziyaqhamuka, ziqhamuka	eziqhamukayo, eziqhamuka	ziqhamuka	aziqhamuki	ezingaqhamuki	zingaqhamuki
Class 11	luyaqhamuka, luqhamuka	oluqhamukayo, oluqhamuka	luqhamuka	aluqhamuki	olungaqhamuki	lungaqhamuki
Class 14	buyaqhamuka, buqhamuka	obuqhamukayo, obuqhamuka	buqhamuka	abuqhamuki	obungaqhamuki	bungaqhamuki
Class 15	kuyaqhamuka, kuqhamuka	okuqhamukayo, okuqhamuka	kuqhamuka	akuqhamuki	okungaqhamuki	kungaqhamuki
Class 17	kuyaqhamuka, kuqhamuka	okuqhamukayo, okuqhamuka	kuqhamuka	akuqhamuki	okungaqhamuki	kungaqhamuki
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiqhamukile, ngiqhamukē	engiqhamukile, engiqhamukē	ngiqhamukile, ngiqhamukē	angiqhamukanga	engingaqhamukanga	ngingaqhamukanga
2nd singular	uqhamukile, uqhamukē	oqhamukile, oqhamukē	uqhamukile, uqhamukē	awuqhamukanga	ongaqhamukanga	ungaqhamukanga
1st plural	siqhamukile, siqhamukē	esiqhamukile, esiqhamukē	siqhamukile, siqhamukē	asiqhamukanga	esingaqhamukanga	singaqhamukanga
2nd plural	niqhamukile, niqhamukē	eniqhamukile, eniqhamukē	niqhamukile, niqhamukē	aniqhamukanga	eningaqhamukanga	ningaqhamukanga
Class 1	uqhamukile, uqhamukē	oqhamukile, oqhamukē	eqhamukile, eqhamukē	akaqhamukanga	ongaqhamukanga	engaqhamukanga
Class 2	baqhamukile, baqhamukē	abaqhamukile, abaqhamukē	beqhamukile, beqhamukē	abaqhamukanga	abangaqhamukanga	bengaqhamukanga
Class 3	uqhamukile, uqhamukē	oqhamukile, oqhamukē	uqhamukile, uqhamukē	awuqhamukanga	ongaqhamukanga	ungaqhamukanga
Class 4	iqhamukile, iqhamukē	eqhamukile, eqhamukē	iqhamukile, iqhamukē	ayiqhamukanga	engaqhamukanga	ingaqhamukanga
Class 5	liqhamukile, liqhamukē	eliqhamukile, eliqhamukē	liqhamukile, liqhamukē	aliqhamukanga	elingaqhamukanga	lingaqhamukanga
Class 6	aqhamukile, aqhamukē	aqhamukile, aqhamukē	eqhamukile, eqhamukē	awaqhamukanga	angaqhamukanga	engaqhamukanga
Class 7	siqhamukile, siqhamukē	esiqhamukile, esiqhamukē	siqhamukile, siqhamukē	asiqhamukanga	esingaqhamukanga	singaqhamukanga
Class 8	ziqhamukile, ziqhamukē	eziqhamukile, eziqhamukē	ziqhamukile, ziqhamukē	aziqhamukanga	ezingaqhamukanga	zingaqhamukanga
Class 9	iqhamukile, iqhamukē	eqhamukile, eqhamukē	iqhamukile, iqhamukē	ayiqhamukanga	engaqhamukanga	ingaqhamukanga
Class 10	ziqhamukile, ziqhamukē	eziqhamukile, eziqhamukē	ziqhamukile, ziqhamukē	aziqhamukanga	ezingaqhamukanga	zingaqhamukanga
Class 11	luqhamukile, luqhamukē	oluqhamukile, oluqhamukē	luqhamukile, luqhamukē	aluqhamukanga	olungaqhamukanga	lungaqhamukanga
Class 14	buqhamukile, buqhamukē	obuqhamukile, obuqhamukē	buqhamukile, buqhamukē	abuqhamukanga	obungaqhamukanga	bungaqhamukanga
Class 15	kuqhamukile, kuqhamukē	okuqhamukile, okuqhamukē	kuqhamukile, kuqhamukē	akuqhamukanga	okungaqhamukanga	kungaqhamukanga
Class 17	kuqhamukile, kuqhamukē	okuqhamukile, okuqhamukē	kuqhamukile, kuqhamukē	akuqhamukanga	okungaqhamukanga	kungaqhamukanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāqhamuka	engāqhamuka	ngāqhamuka	angiqhamukanga	engingaqhamukanga	ngingaqhamukanga
2nd singular	wāqhamuka	owāqhamuka	wāqhamuka	awuqhamukanga	ongaqhamukanga	ungaqhamukanga
1st plural	sāqhamuka	esāqhamuka	sāqhamuka	asiqhamukanga	esingaqhamukanga	singaqhamukanga
2nd plural	nāqhamuka	enāqhamuka	nāqhamuka	aniqhamukanga	eningaqhamukanga	ningaqhamukanga
Class 1	wāqhamuka	owāqhamuka	āqhamuka	akaqhamukanga	ongaqhamukanga	engaqhamukanga
Class 2	bāqhamuka	abāqhamuka	bāqhamuka	abaqhamukanga	abangaqhamukanga	bengaqhamukanga
Class 3	wāqhamuka	owāqhamuka	wāqhamuka	awuqhamukanga	ongaqhamukanga	ungaqhamukanga
Class 4	yāqhamuka	eyāqhamuka	yāqhamuka	ayiqhamukanga	engaqhamukanga	ingaqhamukanga
Class 5	lāqhamuka	elāqhamuka	lāqhamuka	aliqhamukanga	elingaqhamukanga	lingaqhamukanga
Class 6	āqhamuka	āqhamuka	āqhamuka	awaqhamukanga	angaqhamukanga	engaqhamukanga
Class 7	sāqhamuka	esāqhamuka	sāqhamuka	asiqhamukanga	esingaqhamukanga	singaqhamukanga
Class 8	zāqhamuka	ezāqhamuka	zāqhamuka	aziqhamukanga	ezingaqhamukanga	zingaqhamukanga
Class 9	yāqhamuka	eyāqhamuka	yāqhamuka	ayiqhamukanga	engaqhamukanga	ingaqhamukanga
Class 10	zāqhamuka	ezāqhamuka	zāqhamuka	aziqhamukanga	ezingaqhamukanga	zingaqhamukanga
Class 11	lwāqhamuka	olwāqhamuka	lwāqhamuka	aluqhamukanga	olungaqhamukanga	lungaqhamukanga
Class 14	bāqhamuka	obāqhamuka	bāqhamuka	abuqhamukanga	obungaqhamukanga	bungaqhamukanga
Class 15	kwāqhamuka	okwāqhamuka	kwāqhamuka	akuqhamukanga	okungaqhamukanga	kungaqhamukanga
Class 17	kwāqhamuka	okwāqhamuka	kwāqhamuka	akuqhamukanga	okungaqhamukanga	kungaqhamukanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaqhamuka	—	ngingaqhamuka	ngingeqhamuke	—	ngingeqhamuke
2nd singular	ungaqhamuka	—	ungaqhamuka	ungeqhamuke	—	ungeqhamuke
1st plural	singaqhamuka	—	singaqhamuka	singeqhamuke	—	singeqhamuke
2nd plural	ningaqhamuka	—	ningaqhamuka	ningeqhamuke	—	ningeqhamuke
Class 1	angaqhamuka	—	engaqhamuka	angeqhamuke	—	engeqhamuke
Class 2	bangaqhamuka	—	bengaqhamuka	bangeqhamuke	—	bengeqhamuke
Class 3	ungaqhamuka	—	ungaqhamuka	ungeqhamuke	—	ungeqhamuke
Class 4	ingaqhamuka	—	ingaqhamuka	ingeqhamuke	—	ingeqhamuke
Class 5	lingaqhamuka	—	lingaqhamuka	lingeqhamuke	—	lingeqhamuke
Class 6	angaqhamuka	—	engaqhamuka	angeqhamuke	—	engeqhamuke
Class 7	singaqhamuka	—	singaqhamuka	singeqhamuke	—	singeqhamuke
Class 8	zingaqhamuka	—	zingaqhamuka	zingeqhamuke	—	zingeqhamuke
Class 9	ingaqhamuka	—	ingaqhamuka	ingeqhamuke	—	ingeqhamuke
Class 10	zingaqhamuka	—	zingaqhamuka	zingeqhamuke	—	zingeqhamuke
Class 11	lungaqhamuka	—	lungaqhamuka	lungeqhamuke	—	lungeqhamuke
Class 14	bungaqhamuka	—	bungaqhamuka	bungeqhamuke	—	bungeqhamuke
Class 15	kungaqhamuka	—	kungaqhamuka	kungeqhamuke	—	kungeqhamuke
Class 17	kungaqhamuka	—	kungaqhamuka	kungeqhamuke	—	kungeqhamuke
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoqhamuka	engizoqhamuka	ngizoqhamuka	angizuqhamuka	engingezuqhamuka	ngingezuqhamuka
2nd singular	uzoqhamuka	ozoqhamuka	uzoqhamuka	awuzuqhamuka	ongezuqhamuka	ungezuqhamuka
1st plural	sizoqhamuka	esizoqhamuka	sizoqhamuka	asizuqhamuka	esingezuqhamuka	singezuqhamuka
2nd plural	nizoqhamuka	enizoqhamuka	nizoqhamuka	anizuqhamuka	eningezuqhamuka	ningezuqhamuka
Class 1	uzoqhamuka	ozoqhamuka	ezoqhamuka	akazuqhamuka	ongezuqhamuka	engezuqhamuka
Class 2	bazoqhamuka	abazoqhamuka	bezoqhamuka	abazuqhamuka	abangezuqhamuka	bengezuqhamuka
Class 3	uzoqhamuka	ozoqhamuka	uzoqhamuka	awuzuqhamuka	ongezuqhamuka	ungezuqhamuka
Class 4	izoqhamuka	ezoqhamuka	izoqhamuka	ayizuqhamuka	engezuqhamuka	ingezuqhamuka
Class 5	lizoqhamuka	elizoqhamuka	lizoqhamuka	alizuqhamuka	elingezuqhamuka	lingezuqhamuka
Class 6	azoqhamuka	azoqhamuka	ezoqhamuka	awazuqhamuka	angezuqhamuka	engezuqhamuka
Class 7	sizoqhamuka	esizoqhamuka	sizoqhamuka	asizuqhamuka	esingezuqhamuka	singezuqhamuka
Class 8	zizoqhamuka	ezizoqhamuka	zizoqhamuka	azizuqhamuka	ezingezuqhamuka	zingezuqhamuka
Class 9	izoqhamuka	ezoqhamuka	izoqhamuka	ayizuqhamuka	engezuqhamuka	ingezuqhamuka
Class 10	zizoqhamuka	ezizoqhamuka	zizoqhamuka	azizuqhamuka	ezingezuqhamuka	zingezuqhamuka
Class 11	luzoqhamuka	oluzoqhamuka	luzoqhamuka	aluzuqhamuka	olungezuqhamuka	lungezuqhamuka
Class 14	buzoqhamuka	obuzoqhamuka	buzoqhamuka	abuzuqhamuka	obungezuqhamuka	bungezuqhamuka
Class 15	kuzoqhamuka	okuzoqhamuka	kuzoqhamuka	akuzuqhamuka	okungezuqhamuka	kungezuqhamuka
Class 17	kuzoqhamuka	okuzoqhamuka	kuzoqhamuka	akuzuqhamuka	okungezuqhamuka	kungezuqhamuka
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoqhamuka	engiyoqhamuka	ngiyoqhamuka	angiyuqhamuka	engingeyuqhamuka	ngingeyuqhamuka
2nd singular	uyoqhamuka	oyoqhamuka	uyoqhamuka	awuyuqhamuka	ongeyuqhamuka	ungeyuqhamuka
1st plural	siyoqhamuka	esiyoqhamuka	siyoqhamuka	asiyuqhamuka	esingeyuqhamuka	singeyuqhamuka
2nd plural	niyoqhamuka	eniyoqhamuka	niyoqhamuka	aniyuqhamuka	eningeyuqhamuka	ningeyuqhamuka
Class 1	uyoqhamuka	oyoqhamuka	eyoqhamuka	akayuqhamuka	ongeyuqhamuka	engeyuqhamuka
Class 2	bayoqhamuka	abayoqhamuka	beyoqhamuka	abayuqhamuka	abangeyuqhamuka	bengeyuqhamuka
Class 3	uyoqhamuka	oyoqhamuka	uyoqhamuka	awuyuqhamuka	ongeyuqhamuka	ungeyuqhamuka
Class 4	iyoqhamuka	eyoqhamuka	iyoqhamuka	ayiyuqhamuka	engeyuqhamuka	ingeyuqhamuka
Class 5	liyoqhamuka	eliyoqhamuka	liyoqhamuka	aliyuqhamuka	elingeyuqhamuka	lingeyuqhamuka
Class 6	ayoqhamuka	ayoqhamuka	eyoqhamuka	awayuqhamuka	angeyuqhamuka	engeyuqhamuka
Class 7	siyoqhamuka	esiyoqhamuka	siyoqhamuka	asiyuqhamuka	esingeyuqhamuka	singeyuqhamuka
Class 8	ziyoqhamuka	eziyoqhamuka	ziyoqhamuka	aziyuqhamuka	ezingeyuqhamuka	zingeyuqhamuka
Class 9	iyoqhamuka	eyoqhamuka	iyoqhamuka	ayiyuqhamuka	engeyuqhamuka	ingeyuqhamuka
Class 10	ziyoqhamuka	eziyoqhamuka	ziyoqhamuka	aziyuqhamuka	ezingeyuqhamuka	zingeyuqhamuka
Class 11	luyoqhamuka	oluyoqhamuka	luyoqhamuka	aluyuqhamuka	olungeyuqhamuka	lungeyuqhamuka
Class 14	buyoqhamuka	obuyoqhamuka	buyoqhamuka	abuyuqhamuka	obungeyuqhamuka	bungeyuqhamuka
Class 15	kuyoqhamuka	okuyoqhamuka	kuyoqhamuka	akuyuqhamuka	okungeyuqhamuka	kungeyuqhamuka
Class 17	kuyoqhamuka	okuyoqhamuka	kuyoqhamuka	akuyuqhamuka	okungeyuqhamuka	kungeyuqhamuka
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngiqhamuke	ngingaqhamuki
2nd singular	uqhamuke	ungaqhamuki
1st plural	siqhamuke	singaqhamuki
2nd plural	niqhamuke	ningaqhamuki
Class 1	aqhamuke	angaqhamuki
Class 2	baqhamuke	bangaqhamuki
Class 3	uqhamuke	ungaqhamuki
Class 4	iqhamuke	ingaqhamuki
Class 5	liqhamuke	lingaqhamuki
Class 6	aqhamuke	angaqhamuki
Class 7	siqhamuke	singaqhamuki
Class 8	ziqhamuke	zingaqhamuki
Class 9	iqhamuke	ingaqhamuki
Class 10	ziqhamuke	zingaqhamuki
Class 11	luqhamuke	lungaqhamuki
Class 14	buqhamuke	bungaqhamuki
Class 15	kuqhamuke	kungaqhamuki
Class 17	kuqhamuke	kungaqhamuki
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaqhamuka	ngangaqhamuka, angaqhamuka, angangaqhamuka
2nd singular	waqhamuka	wangaqhamuka, awaqhamuka, awangaqhamuka
1st plural	saqhamuka	sangaqhamuka, asaqhamuka, asangaqhamuka
2nd plural	naqhamuka	nangaqhamuka, anaqhamuka, anangaqhamuka
Class 1	waqhamuka	wangaqhamuka, akaqhamuka, akangaqhamuka
Class 2	baqhamuka	bangaqhamuka, abaqhamuka, abangaqhamuka
Class 3	waqhamuka	wangaqhamuka, awaqhamuka, awangaqhamuka
Class 4	yaqhamuka	yangaqhamuka, ayaqhamuka, ayangaqhamuka
Class 5	laqhamuka	langaqhamuka, alaqhamuka, alangaqhamuka
Class 6	aqhamuka	angaqhamuka, awaqhamuka, awangaqhamuka
Class 7	saqhamuka	sangaqhamuka, asaqhamuka, asangaqhamuka
Class 8	zaqhamuka	zangaqhamuka, azaqhamuka, azangaqhamuka
Class 9	yaqhamuka	yangaqhamuka, ayaqhamuka, ayangaqhamuka
Class 10	zaqhamuka	zangaqhamuka, azaqhamuka, azangaqhamuka
Class 11	lwaqhamuka	lwangaqhamuka, alwaqhamuka, alwangaqhamuka
Class 14	baqhamuka	bangaqhamuka, abaqhamuka, abangaqhamuka
Class 15	kwaqhamuka	kwangaqhamuka, akwaqhamuka, akwangaqhamuka
Class 17	kwaqhamuka	kwangaqhamuka, akwaqhamuka, akwangaqhamuka

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qhamuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qhamuka (3.2.9)”