qhwaga

Zulu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ǃʰwaːɡa/

Verb

-qhwaga

1. (transitive) to rob, to seize, to take by force

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuqhwaga
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuqhwaga	ukungaqhwagi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	qhwaga	-qhwage
Plural	qhwagani	-qhwageni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaqhwaga, ngiqhwaga	engiqhwagayo, engiqhwaga	ngiqhwaga	angiqhwagi	engingaqhwagi	ngingaqhwagi
2nd singular	uyaqhwaga, uqhwaga	oqhwagayo, oqhwaga	uqhwaga	awuqhwagi	ongaqhwagi	ungaqhwagi
1st plural	siyaqhwaga, siqhwaga	esiqhwagayo, esiqhwaga	siqhwaga	asiqhwagi	esingaqhwagi	singaqhwagi
2nd plural	niyaqhwaga, niqhwaga	eniqhwagayo, eniqhwaga	niqhwaga	aniqhwagi	eningaqhwagi	ningaqhwagi
Class 1	uyaqhwaga, uqhwaga	oqhwagayo, oqhwaga	eqhwaga	akaqhwagi	ongaqhwagi	engaqhwagi
Class 2	bayaqhwaga, baqhwaga	abaqhwagayo, abaqhwaga	beqhwaga	abaqhwagi	abangaqhwagi	bengaqhwagi
Class 3	uyaqhwaga, uqhwaga	oqhwagayo, oqhwaga	uqhwaga	awuqhwagi	ongaqhwagi	ungaqhwagi
Class 4	iyaqhwaga, iqhwaga	eqhwagayo, eqhwaga	iqhwaga	ayiqhwagi	engaqhwagi	ingaqhwagi
Class 5	liyaqhwaga, liqhwaga	eliqhwagayo, eliqhwaga	liqhwaga	aliqhwagi	elingaqhwagi	lingaqhwagi
Class 6	ayaqhwaga, aqhwaga	aqhwagayo, aqhwaga	eqhwaga	awaqhwagi	angaqhwagi	engaqhwagi
Class 7	siyaqhwaga, siqhwaga	esiqhwagayo, esiqhwaga	siqhwaga	asiqhwagi	esingaqhwagi	singaqhwagi
Class 8	ziyaqhwaga, ziqhwaga	eziqhwagayo, eziqhwaga	ziqhwaga	aziqhwagi	ezingaqhwagi	zingaqhwagi
Class 9	iyaqhwaga, iqhwaga	eqhwagayo, eqhwaga	iqhwaga	ayiqhwagi	engaqhwagi	ingaqhwagi
Class 10	ziyaqhwaga, ziqhwaga	eziqhwagayo, eziqhwaga	ziqhwaga	aziqhwagi	ezingaqhwagi	zingaqhwagi
Class 11	luyaqhwaga, luqhwaga	oluqhwagayo, oluqhwaga	luqhwaga	aluqhwagi	olungaqhwagi	lungaqhwagi
Class 14	buyaqhwaga, buqhwaga	obuqhwagayo, obuqhwaga	buqhwaga	abuqhwagi	obungaqhwagi	bungaqhwagi
Class 15	kuyaqhwaga, kuqhwaga	okuqhwagayo, okuqhwaga	kuqhwaga	akuqhwagi	okungaqhwagi	kungaqhwagi
Class 17	kuyaqhwaga, kuqhwaga	okuqhwagayo, okuqhwaga	kuqhwaga	akuqhwagi	okungaqhwagi	kungaqhwagi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiqhwagile, ngiqhwagē	engiqhwagile, engiqhwagē	ngiqhwagile, ngiqhwagē	angiqhwaganga	engingaqhwaganga	ngingaqhwaganga
2nd singular	uqhwagile, uqhwagē	oqhwagile, oqhwagē	uqhwagile, uqhwagē	awuqhwaganga	ongaqhwaganga	ungaqhwaganga
1st plural	siqhwagile, siqhwagē	esiqhwagile, esiqhwagē	siqhwagile, siqhwagē	asiqhwaganga	esingaqhwaganga	singaqhwaganga
2nd plural	niqhwagile, niqhwagē	eniqhwagile, eniqhwagē	niqhwagile, niqhwagē	aniqhwaganga	eningaqhwaganga	ningaqhwaganga
Class 1	uqhwagile, uqhwagē	oqhwagile, oqhwagē	eqhwagile, eqhwagē	akaqhwaganga	ongaqhwaganga	engaqhwaganga
Class 2	baqhwagile, baqhwagē	abaqhwagile, abaqhwagē	beqhwagile, beqhwagē	abaqhwaganga	abangaqhwaganga	bengaqhwaganga
Class 3	uqhwagile, uqhwagē	oqhwagile, oqhwagē	uqhwagile, uqhwagē	awuqhwaganga	ongaqhwaganga	ungaqhwaganga
Class 4	iqhwagile, iqhwagē	eqhwagile, eqhwagē	iqhwagile, iqhwagē	ayiqhwaganga	engaqhwaganga	ingaqhwaganga
Class 5	liqhwagile, liqhwagē	eliqhwagile, eliqhwagē	liqhwagile, liqhwagē	aliqhwaganga	elingaqhwaganga	lingaqhwaganga
Class 6	aqhwagile, aqhwagē	aqhwagile, aqhwagē	eqhwagile, eqhwagē	awaqhwaganga	angaqhwaganga	engaqhwaganga
Class 7	siqhwagile, siqhwagē	esiqhwagile, esiqhwagē	siqhwagile, siqhwagē	asiqhwaganga	esingaqhwaganga	singaqhwaganga
Class 8	ziqhwagile, ziqhwagē	eziqhwagile, eziqhwagē	ziqhwagile, ziqhwagē	aziqhwaganga	ezingaqhwaganga	zingaqhwaganga
Class 9	iqhwagile, iqhwagē	eqhwagile, eqhwagē	iqhwagile, iqhwagē	ayiqhwaganga	engaqhwaganga	ingaqhwaganga
Class 10	ziqhwagile, ziqhwagē	eziqhwagile, eziqhwagē	ziqhwagile, ziqhwagē	aziqhwaganga	ezingaqhwaganga	zingaqhwaganga
Class 11	luqhwagile, luqhwagē	oluqhwagile, oluqhwagē	luqhwagile, luqhwagē	aluqhwaganga	olungaqhwaganga	lungaqhwaganga
Class 14	buqhwagile, buqhwagē	obuqhwagile, obuqhwagē	buqhwagile, buqhwagē	abuqhwaganga	obungaqhwaganga	bungaqhwaganga
Class 15	kuqhwagile, kuqhwagē	okuqhwagile, okuqhwagē	kuqhwagile, kuqhwagē	akuqhwaganga	okungaqhwaganga	kungaqhwaganga
Class 17	kuqhwagile, kuqhwagē	okuqhwagile, okuqhwagē	kuqhwagile, kuqhwagē	akuqhwaganga	okungaqhwaganga	kungaqhwaganga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāqhwaga	engāqhwaga	ngāqhwaga	angiqhwaganga	engingaqhwaganga	ngingaqhwaganga
2nd singular	wāqhwaga	owāqhwaga	wāqhwaga	awuqhwaganga	ongaqhwaganga	ungaqhwaganga
1st plural	sāqhwaga	esāqhwaga	sāqhwaga	asiqhwaganga	esingaqhwaganga	singaqhwaganga
2nd plural	nāqhwaga	enāqhwaga	nāqhwaga	aniqhwaganga	eningaqhwaganga	ningaqhwaganga
Class 1	wāqhwaga	owāqhwaga	āqhwaga	akaqhwaganga	ongaqhwaganga	engaqhwaganga
Class 2	bāqhwaga	abāqhwaga	bāqhwaga	abaqhwaganga	abangaqhwaganga	bengaqhwaganga
Class 3	wāqhwaga	owāqhwaga	wāqhwaga	awuqhwaganga	ongaqhwaganga	ungaqhwaganga
Class 4	yāqhwaga	eyāqhwaga	yāqhwaga	ayiqhwaganga	engaqhwaganga	ingaqhwaganga
Class 5	lāqhwaga	elāqhwaga	lāqhwaga	aliqhwaganga	elingaqhwaganga	lingaqhwaganga
Class 6	āqhwaga	āqhwaga	āqhwaga	awaqhwaganga	angaqhwaganga	engaqhwaganga
Class 7	sāqhwaga	esāqhwaga	sāqhwaga	asiqhwaganga	esingaqhwaganga	singaqhwaganga
Class 8	zāqhwaga	ezāqhwaga	zāqhwaga	aziqhwaganga	ezingaqhwaganga	zingaqhwaganga
Class 9	yāqhwaga	eyāqhwaga	yāqhwaga	ayiqhwaganga	engaqhwaganga	ingaqhwaganga
Class 10	zāqhwaga	ezāqhwaga	zāqhwaga	aziqhwaganga	ezingaqhwaganga	zingaqhwaganga
Class 11	lwāqhwaga	olwāqhwaga	lwāqhwaga	aluqhwaganga	olungaqhwaganga	lungaqhwaganga
Class 14	bāqhwaga	obāqhwaga	bāqhwaga	abuqhwaganga	obungaqhwaganga	bungaqhwaganga
Class 15	kwāqhwaga	okwāqhwaga	kwāqhwaga	akuqhwaganga	okungaqhwaganga	kungaqhwaganga
Class 17	kwāqhwaga	okwāqhwaga	kwāqhwaga	akuqhwaganga	okungaqhwaganga	kungaqhwaganga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaqhwaga	—	ngingaqhwaga	ngingeqhwage	—	ngingeqhwage
2nd singular	ungaqhwaga	—	ungaqhwaga	ungeqhwage	—	ungeqhwage
1st plural	singaqhwaga	—	singaqhwaga	singeqhwage	—	singeqhwage
2nd plural	ningaqhwaga	—	ningaqhwaga	ningeqhwage	—	ningeqhwage
Class 1	angaqhwaga	—	engaqhwaga	angeqhwage	—	engeqhwage
Class 2	bangaqhwaga	—	bengaqhwaga	bangeqhwage	—	bengeqhwage
Class 3	ungaqhwaga	—	ungaqhwaga	ungeqhwage	—	ungeqhwage
Class 4	ingaqhwaga	—	ingaqhwaga	ingeqhwage	—	ingeqhwage
Class 5	lingaqhwaga	—	lingaqhwaga	lingeqhwage	—	lingeqhwage
Class 6	angaqhwaga	—	engaqhwaga	angeqhwage	—	engeqhwage
Class 7	singaqhwaga	—	singaqhwaga	singeqhwage	—	singeqhwage
Class 8	zingaqhwaga	—	zingaqhwaga	zingeqhwage	—	zingeqhwage
Class 9	ingaqhwaga	—	ingaqhwaga	ingeqhwage	—	ingeqhwage
Class 10	zingaqhwaga	—	zingaqhwaga	zingeqhwage	—	zingeqhwage
Class 11	lungaqhwaga	—	lungaqhwaga	lungeqhwage	—	lungeqhwage
Class 14	bungaqhwaga	—	bungaqhwaga	bungeqhwage	—	bungeqhwage
Class 15	kungaqhwaga	—	kungaqhwaga	kungeqhwage	—	kungeqhwage
Class 17	kungaqhwaga	—	kungaqhwaga	kungeqhwage	—	kungeqhwage
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoqhwaga	engizoqhwaga	ngizoqhwaga	angizuqhwaga	engingezuqhwaga	ngingezuqhwaga
2nd singular	uzoqhwaga	ozoqhwaga	uzoqhwaga	awuzuqhwaga	ongezuqhwaga	ungezuqhwaga
1st plural	sizoqhwaga	esizoqhwaga	sizoqhwaga	asizuqhwaga	esingezuqhwaga	singezuqhwaga
2nd plural	nizoqhwaga	enizoqhwaga	nizoqhwaga	anizuqhwaga	eningezuqhwaga	ningezuqhwaga
Class 1	uzoqhwaga	ozoqhwaga	ezoqhwaga	akazuqhwaga	ongezuqhwaga	engezuqhwaga
Class 2	bazoqhwaga	abazoqhwaga	bezoqhwaga	abazuqhwaga	abangezuqhwaga	bengezuqhwaga
Class 3	uzoqhwaga	ozoqhwaga	uzoqhwaga	awuzuqhwaga	ongezuqhwaga	ungezuqhwaga
Class 4	izoqhwaga	ezoqhwaga	izoqhwaga	ayizuqhwaga	engezuqhwaga	ingezuqhwaga
Class 5	lizoqhwaga	elizoqhwaga	lizoqhwaga	alizuqhwaga	elingezuqhwaga	lingezuqhwaga
Class 6	azoqhwaga	azoqhwaga	ezoqhwaga	awazuqhwaga	angezuqhwaga	engezuqhwaga
Class 7	sizoqhwaga	esizoqhwaga	sizoqhwaga	asizuqhwaga	esingezuqhwaga	singezuqhwaga
Class 8	zizoqhwaga	ezizoqhwaga	zizoqhwaga	azizuqhwaga	ezingezuqhwaga	zingezuqhwaga
Class 9	izoqhwaga	ezoqhwaga	izoqhwaga	ayizuqhwaga	engezuqhwaga	ingezuqhwaga
Class 10	zizoqhwaga	ezizoqhwaga	zizoqhwaga	azizuqhwaga	ezingezuqhwaga	zingezuqhwaga
Class 11	luzoqhwaga	oluzoqhwaga	luzoqhwaga	aluzuqhwaga	olungezuqhwaga	lungezuqhwaga
Class 14	buzoqhwaga	obuzoqhwaga	buzoqhwaga	abuzuqhwaga	obungezuqhwaga	bungezuqhwaga
Class 15	kuzoqhwaga	okuzoqhwaga	kuzoqhwaga	akuzuqhwaga	okungezuqhwaga	kungezuqhwaga
Class 17	kuzoqhwaga	okuzoqhwaga	kuzoqhwaga	akuzuqhwaga	okungezuqhwaga	kungezuqhwaga
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoqhwaga	engiyoqhwaga	ngiyoqhwaga	angiyuqhwaga	engingeyuqhwaga	ngingeyuqhwaga
2nd singular	uyoqhwaga	oyoqhwaga	uyoqhwaga	awuyuqhwaga	ongeyuqhwaga	ungeyuqhwaga
1st plural	siyoqhwaga	esiyoqhwaga	siyoqhwaga	asiyuqhwaga	esingeyuqhwaga	singeyuqhwaga
2nd plural	niyoqhwaga	eniyoqhwaga	niyoqhwaga	aniyuqhwaga	eningeyuqhwaga	ningeyuqhwaga
Class 1	uyoqhwaga	oyoqhwaga	eyoqhwaga	akayuqhwaga	ongeyuqhwaga	engeyuqhwaga
Class 2	bayoqhwaga	abayoqhwaga	beyoqhwaga	abayuqhwaga	abangeyuqhwaga	bengeyuqhwaga
Class 3	uyoqhwaga	oyoqhwaga	uyoqhwaga	awuyuqhwaga	ongeyuqhwaga	ungeyuqhwaga
Class 4	iyoqhwaga	eyoqhwaga	iyoqhwaga	ayiyuqhwaga	engeyuqhwaga	ingeyuqhwaga
Class 5	liyoqhwaga	eliyoqhwaga	liyoqhwaga	aliyuqhwaga	elingeyuqhwaga	lingeyuqhwaga
Class 6	ayoqhwaga	ayoqhwaga	eyoqhwaga	awayuqhwaga	angeyuqhwaga	engeyuqhwaga
Class 7	siyoqhwaga	esiyoqhwaga	siyoqhwaga	asiyuqhwaga	esingeyuqhwaga	singeyuqhwaga
Class 8	ziyoqhwaga	eziyoqhwaga	ziyoqhwaga	aziyuqhwaga	ezingeyuqhwaga	zingeyuqhwaga
Class 9	iyoqhwaga	eyoqhwaga	iyoqhwaga	ayiyuqhwaga	engeyuqhwaga	ingeyuqhwaga
Class 10	ziyoqhwaga	eziyoqhwaga	ziyoqhwaga	aziyuqhwaga	ezingeyuqhwaga	zingeyuqhwaga
Class 11	luyoqhwaga	oluyoqhwaga	luyoqhwaga	aluyuqhwaga	olungeyuqhwaga	lungeyuqhwaga
Class 14	buyoqhwaga	obuyoqhwaga	buyoqhwaga	abuyuqhwaga	obungeyuqhwaga	bungeyuqhwaga
Class 15	kuyoqhwaga	okuyoqhwaga	kuyoqhwaga	akuyuqhwaga	okungeyuqhwaga	kungeyuqhwaga
Class 17	kuyoqhwaga	okuyoqhwaga	kuyoqhwaga	akuyuqhwaga	okungeyuqhwaga	kungeyuqhwaga
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngiqhwage	ngingaqhwagi
2nd singular	uqhwage	ungaqhwagi
1st plural	siqhwage	singaqhwagi
2nd plural	niqhwage	ningaqhwagi
Class 1	aqhwage	angaqhwagi
Class 2	baqhwage	bangaqhwagi
Class 3	uqhwage	ungaqhwagi
Class 4	iqhwage	ingaqhwagi
Class 5	liqhwage	lingaqhwagi
Class 6	aqhwage	angaqhwagi
Class 7	siqhwage	singaqhwagi
Class 8	ziqhwage	zingaqhwagi
Class 9	iqhwage	ingaqhwagi
Class 10	ziqhwage	zingaqhwagi
Class 11	luqhwage	lungaqhwagi
Class 14	buqhwage	bungaqhwagi
Class 15	kuqhwage	kungaqhwagi
Class 17	kuqhwage	kungaqhwagi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaqhwaga	ngangaqhwaga, angaqhwaga, angangaqhwaga
2nd singular	waqhwaga	wangaqhwaga, awaqhwaga, awangaqhwaga
1st plural	saqhwaga	sangaqhwaga, asaqhwaga, asangaqhwaga
2nd plural	naqhwaga	nangaqhwaga, anaqhwaga, anangaqhwaga
Class 1	waqhwaga	wangaqhwaga, akaqhwaga, akangaqhwaga
Class 2	baqhwaga	bangaqhwaga, abaqhwaga, abangaqhwaga
Class 3	waqhwaga	wangaqhwaga, awaqhwaga, awangaqhwaga
Class 4	yaqhwaga	yangaqhwaga, ayaqhwaga, ayangaqhwaga
Class 5	laqhwaga	langaqhwaga, alaqhwaga, alangaqhwaga
Class 6	aqhwaga	angaqhwaga, awaqhwaga, awangaqhwaga
Class 7	saqhwaga	sangaqhwaga, asaqhwaga, asangaqhwaga
Class 8	zaqhwaga	zangaqhwaga, azaqhwaga, azangaqhwaga
Class 9	yaqhwaga	yangaqhwaga, ayaqhwaga, ayangaqhwaga
Class 10	zaqhwaga	zangaqhwaga, azaqhwaga, azangaqhwaga
Class 11	lwaqhwaga	lwangaqhwaga, alwaqhwaga, alwangaqhwaga
Class 14	baqhwaga	bangaqhwaga, abaqhwaga, abangaqhwaga
Class 15	kwaqhwaga	kwangaqhwaga, akwaqhwaga, akwangaqhwaga
Class 17	kwaqhwaga	kwangaqhwaga, akwaqhwaga, akwangaqhwaga

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qhwaga”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qhwaga (6.3)”