qumësht

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Albanian

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Uncertain. Possibilities include:

  1. Borrowed from a dialectal byform of Latin colostra (“beestings”),[1][2] whence however the regularly derived kulloshtër (“beestings”).
  2. A derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewH- (“to clean; to slide”), whence also Latvian slàukt (“to milk”).[3]

Given the heavily pastoralist lifestyle of the ancestors of Albanian speakers, it is likely for the basic term for “milk” to be part of the pre-Roman inherited lexicon.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

qumësht m (definite qumështi)

  1. milk
    Synonym: tambël — Gheg
    • 1555, Gjon Buzuku, Meshari, Deuteronomy 26, page 46r, lines 26–29:
      ћi / nah ξaeh: por sih pateh baam bee per-/indet tineue: ξeneh ћi fruiton clomeste: e / mialteh:
      [qi na dhae porsi patë bām bē përindet tinëve dhenë qi frujton klomështë e mjaltë]
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1685, Pjetër Bogdani, Cuneus Prophetarum, VT 1.4.30, page 25, lines 55–57:
      I giascti Chieλ ansctè i Jovit, e ξξonè se κȣ ȣλ ansctè 91. ma i maξ se ξeu, ansctè i ndricim, e i barξè si κiumesctè
      [I gjashti Qiell âshtë i Jovit, e thonë se ky yll âshtë 91 ma i madh se dheu, âshtë i ndriçim, e i bardhë si kjumështë]
      [original: Il Sesto è il Cielo di Giove; e dicono, che questo Pianeta è maggiore della Terra 91. volta; è chiaro, è candido, come un latte]
      The sixth Sky is Jupiter's, and they say that this star is 91 [times] bigger than Earth, luminous, and white as milk
    • 1872, Kostandin Kristoforidhi, Δiata e rē, Constantinople: A. H. Boyadjian, Hebrews 5:13, page 417:
      Sepsĕ kušdŏ ḱi pī ḱyŭme̥šte̥, ã̆št' i pa-provŭešim nde̥ fyaľe̥ te̥ dreite̥nise̥, sepsĕ ã̆šte̥ fošńe.
      [Sepse kushdo qi pi qjumështë, âsht i paprovueshim ndë fjalë të drejtënisë, sepse âshtë foshnjë.]
      Because whoever drinks milk, is unacquanted with the word of rightness, because he is an infant.
  2. latex, sap, milk (of vegetables)
    • 2021 August 1, “Si të bëni vetë qumësht bajamesh”, in Kosovarja‎[1], archived from the original on 2021-08-01:
      Qumështi i bajameve është shumë i shëndetshëm dhe i dobishëm.
      Almond milk is very healthy and beneficial.
    • 2023 July 13, “Mrekullia e Krijuesit – Fiku”, in Mesazhi‎[2], archived from the original on 2023-07-14:
      Qumështi i fikut përdoret me sukses për heqjen e kallove, si dhe kundër reumatizmit e dhembjeve të tjera artritike.
      Fig latex is successfully used to remove calluses, as well as against rheumatism and other arthritic pains.
  3. mixture of something diluted in water
    • 2023 July 12, “A ka ndonjë ndryshim midis pikturimit të një afresku dhe pikturës së një kanavacë?”, in Artmie‎[3], archived from the original on 2024-09-17:
      Ngjyrat shpërndahen me ujë ose qumësht gëlqereje dhe aplikohen me furçë mbi suva të lagur pas gjysmë ore deri në një orë vendosje.
      The colors are diluted with water or a mixture of lime and water and applied with a brush on wet plaster after half an hour to an hour of setting.
  4. (Gheg) whey
    Synonym: hirrë
  5. (Gheg, rare) whey cheese, ricotta
    Synonym: gjizë

Usage notes

[edit]
  • The meaning “milk” is now obsolete in Gheg dialects, where tambël (“milk”) is used and qumësht generally only means “whey”.

Declension

[edit]
Declension of qumësht
singular
indefinite definite
nominative qumësht qumështi
accusative qumështin
dat./abl. qumështi qumështit

Derived terms

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

qumësht

  1. very (white, clean), as milk
    Synonym: shumë
    qumësht i pastër ― very clean (literally, “clean as milk”)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Meyer, G. (1891) “ḱúmɛštɛ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the Albanian Language] (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, page 229
  2. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “qumësht”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 363
  3. ^ Jokl, Norbert (1923) Linguistisch-kulturhistorische Untersuchungen aus dem Bereiche des Albanischen (Untersuchungen zur indogermanischen Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft; 8), De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, pages 273–276
  • “qúmësht,~i”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎[4] (in Albanian), 1980, page 1620b
  • Mann, S. E. (1948) “qumësht”, in An Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page 420b
  • Leotti, Angelo (1916) “kjúmësht-i”, in L'albanese parlato (in Italian), Milan: U. Hoepli, page 107
  • Weigand, Gustav (1914) “kjumësht-i”, in Albanesisch–deutsches und deutsch–albanesisches Wörterbuch (in German), Leipzig: J. A. Barth, page 44b
  • Kristoforidhi, Kostandin (1904) “κϳούμε̯στε̯-ι”, in Λεξικὸν τῆς Ἀλβανικῆς γλώσσης [Lexikòn tês Albanikês glṓssēs] (in Greek), Athens, page 190
  • Jungg, G. (1895) “kiûmsct”, in Fialuur i voghel sccȣp e ltinisct [Small Albanian–Italian dictionary], page 57b
  • Jungg, G. (1895) “kiumsct”, in Fialuur i voghel sccȣp e ltinisct [Small Albanian–Italian dictionary], page 189a
  • Rossi, F. (1875) “kiùmsct”, in Vocabolario della lingua epirotica–italiana (in Italian), page 677b

Further reading

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=qumësht&oldid=81660942"