sap

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sap"

Languages (19)

English

---

Aromanian • Azerbaijani • Catalan • Dutch • Hokkien • Indonesian • Kholosi • Middle English • Old English • Polish • Romani • Romanian • Salar • Tausug • Turkish • Veps • Volapük • Zhuang

---

Page categories

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sæp/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æp

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *sap-der.

Proto-West Germanic *sap

Old English sæp

Middle English sap

English sap

From Middle English sap, from Old English sæp (“juice, sap”), from Proto-West Germanic *sap (“sap, juice”) (compare Dutch sap, German Saft, Icelandic safi), from Proto-Indo-European *sab-, *sap- (“to taste”) (compare Welsh syb-wydd (“fir”), Latin sapa (“must, new wine”), Russian со́пли (sópli, “snivel”), Old Armenian համ (ham, “taste”), Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀 (vi-šāpa, “having poisonous juices”), Sanskrit सबर् (sabar, “juice, nectar”)). More at sage.

sap (“naive person”) is a clipping of sapskull (literally “person with sap in their skull”).

Noun

Clear drops of sap (sense 1) oozing from the cut stem of a summer squash.

sap (countable and uncountable, plural saps)

1. (uncountable) The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition.
2. (uncountable) The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree.
3. Any juice.
4. (figurative) Vitality.
   • 1929, Abraham Zevi Idelsohn, Jewish Music: Its Historical Development, page 183:

     In the preceding centuries the Ashkenazic Synagogue song had been Germanized to a degree that jeopardized not only its distinctive Jewishness but its very existence. In Eastern Europe, on the other hand, the ever-renewed Oriental sap penetrated also into the song.

5. (slang, countable) A naive person; a simpleton.

   Synonyms: milksop, saphead

   Look at the sap mowing our lawn while we pretend our own lawnmower is broken.

   • 1992, Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash, page 234:

     "Or trying to reproduce it."
     "The Mafia wouldn't do that."
     "Don't be a sap," Hiro says. "Of course they would."
     Y.T. seems miffed at Hiro.

   • 1997, “Don't Look Down”, in Curtains, performed by Tindersticks:

     She said I'm such a sap, I'm such a jerk / Can't I ever forget the way that we are / Spend all your time with your eyes on the ground / Looking for the stars

Derived terms

• cell sap
• coconut sap
• crude sap
• elaborated sap
• milk-sap
• pine sap
• pinesap
• sap ball
• sapcicle
• sapfest
• sapful
• sap green
• saphead
• sapheaded
• sapless
• saplike
• sapling
• sap moon
• sap poison
• sappy
• sap rot
• sap shield
• sapskull
• sap stain
• sapstreak
• sapsucker
• sapsucking
• sap tube
• sapwood
• tree sap

Translations

juice of plant

• Amis: 'adeteng
• Arabic: نُسْغ m (nusḡ), عُصَارَة f (ʕuṣāra)
• Armenian: հույզ (hy) (huyz)
• Assamese: কহ (koh)
• Azerbaijani: şirə (az)
• Bashkir: һут (hot), һыу (hıw)
• Basque: izerdi (eu)
• Belarusian: сок m (sok)
• Bikol:

  Central Bikol: duga

• Bulgarian: мъзга f (măzga), сок m (sok)
• Burmese: please add this translation if you can
• Catalan: saba (ca) f
• Chamicuro: ijsana'to
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 樹液 / 树液 (zh) (shùyè), 汁 (zh) (shī)

• Czech: míza (cs) f
• Danish: træsaft c
• Dutch: sap (nl) n
• Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
• Estonian: piimmahl
• Finnish: mahla (fi)
• French: sève (fr) f
• Galician: vizo m, seiva f, sarxa f, zume (gl) m, zurrio m
• Georgian: წვენი (c̣veni)
• German: Saft (de) m
• Hawaiian: kohu, wai, kaikea
• Hebrew: שרף (he) m (saraf)
• Hindi: अर्क (hi) m (ark), अरक (hi) m (arak), निर्यास (hi) m (niryās), गोंद (hi) m (gond)
• Hmong:

  White Hmong: please add this translation if you can

• Indonesian: getah (id)
• Ingrian: mahla
• Interlingua: succo
• Italian: linfa (it) f
• Japanese: 樹液 (ja) (じゅえき, jueki), 汁 (ja) (しる, shiru)
• Jarai: kơtăk
• Javanese:

  Old Javanese: gĕtih

• Kapampangan: adta, agta
• Khmer: រុក្ខរស (rukkʰa’rʊəh), ជ័រ (km) (coa), រស (km) (rʊəh)
• Konkani: dikh, दीख (dīkh)
• Korean: 즙(汁) (ko) (jeup), 수액(樹液) (ko) (suaek)
• Lao: please add this translation if you can
• Latin: sucus (la) m
• Macedonian: сок (mk) m (sok)
• Malay: getah (ms)
• Māori: tawau, tarawai, pia, ware (mi)
• Middle English: sap
• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• Mwani: urokozi class 14, unoni class 14 (Nkojo)
• Nepali: चोप (ne) ? (cop)
• Norman: sève f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: sevje m or f

  Nynorsk: sevje f

• Persian: شیره (fa) (šire)
• Plautdietsch: Sauft f
• Polish: sok mleczny m
• Portuguese: seiva (pt) f
• Rarotongan: tāpau
• Romanian: sevă (ro) f
• Russian: сок (ru) m (sok)
• Sanskrit: रस (sa) m (rasa), निर्यास (sa) m (niryāsa)
• Scottish Gaelic: brìgh f
• Slovak: miazga f
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: mězga f, brjacka f

• Spanish: savia (es) f
• Swahili: utomvu (sw) class 9/10
• Swedish: sav (sv) c
• Tagalog: dagta (tl)
• Tahitian: tāpau
• Tarifit: aserɣaɣ m
• Telugu: పాలు (te) (pālu)
• Thai: น้ำเลี้ยง (nám-líiang)
• Tibetan: please add this translation if you can
• Tok Pisin: blut
• Tongan: pulu
• Turkish: öz su (tr)
• Ukrainian: сік m (sik)
• Vietnamese: nhựa (vi), mủ (vi)
• Zhuang: please add this translation if you can

sapwood of a tree

• Bulgarian: беловина f (belovina)
• Dutch: spint (nl) n, spinthout (nl) n
• Finnish: nila (fi)
• Galician: samo m, sámago m, aba (gl) f, alubra f
• German: Mantelholz n, Splint m
• Italian: alburno (it) m
• Khmer: ស្រាយ (km) (sraay)
• Latin: alburnum n
• Latvian: sula (lv) f
• Lithuanian: sula (lt) f
• Macedonian: бело́вина f (belóvina)
• Middle English: sap
• Persian: برون‌چوب (fa) (borun-čub)
• Russian: за́болонь (ru) f (zábolonʹ)
• Scottish Gaelic: brìgh f, sùgh m
• Spanish: albura (es) f
• Tok Pisin: blut

slang: naive person

• Bulgarian: простак (bg) m (prostak)
• Dutch: slappeling (nl) m, imbeciel (nl) m, idioot (nl) m, simpele (nl) m
• Finnish: hölmö (fi), tollo (fi), tomppeli (fi)
• French: naïf (fr) m, nigaud (fr) m
• Galician: caloio m, papoio m, bausán m, parvallán (gl) m, bobiche m
• German: Einfaltspinsel (de) m, Heulsuse (de) f, Simpel (de) m
• Hebrew: פראייר (he) m (frayer)
• Hungarian: balek (hu)
• Italian: sempliciotto (it) m
• Khmer: ឆោត (km) (cʰaot)
• Macedonian: про́стак m (próstak)
• Norwegian: tosk m
• Persian: اسکل (fa) (oskol)
• Plautdietsch: Laups m
• Romanian: fraier (ro) m
• Russian: простак (ru) m (prostak), простофиля (ru) m (prostofilja)
• Spanish: simplón (es) m

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Woiwurrung: ^{(please verify)} doo-â-no, ^{(please verify)} lil-le-bro

Verb

sap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)

1. (transitive, figurative) To exhaust the vitality of.
   • 1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros: A Romance, London: Jonathan Cape […], →OCLC, page 6:

     Somewhat he knoweth of art magical, yet useth not that art; for it sappeth the life and strength, nor is it held worthy that a Demon should put trust in that art, but rather in his own might and main.

   • 2022 April 12, Neil Johnston, “Real Madrid 2-3 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport‎^[1], archived from the original on 19 September 2026:

     While Tuchel will be delighted with the way his players responded, there will be concern at how much the energy-sapping 120 minutes has taken out of them.

   • 2025 June 8, Jonathan Jurejko, “Alcaraz stuns Sinner in extraordinary French Open final”, in BBC‎^[2], archived from the original on 28 September 2026:

     Alcaraz flew out of the blocks in the first-to-10 match tie-break of the deciding set, sapping every last bit of Sinner's energy before sealing victory with a remarkable running forehand winner that fizzed down the line.

2. (transitive) To drain, suck or absorb sap from (a tree, etc.).

Etymology 2

From French saper (compare Spanish zapar and Italian zappare) from sape (“sort of scythe”), from Late Latin sappa (“sort of mattock”).

The sense evolution of from “subvert by digging” to “weaken” was influenced by the sense above “drain wood of sap” as trench warfare receded from public conscience.

Verb

sap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)

1. (transitive) To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken.
   • 1850, Alfred Tennyson, Ring, Out, Wild Bells:

     Ring out the grief that saps the mind […]

2. (transitive) To gradually drain (someone's energy or vitality).

   to sap one’s conscience

   He saps my energy.

3. (transitive, military) To pierce with saps.
4. (transitive) To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of.
   • 1717, John Dryden [et al.], “(please specify |book=I to XV)”, in Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Fifteen Books. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     Nor safe their dwellings were, for sapped by floods, / Their houses fell upon their household gods.

   1. (intransitive) To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps.

Derived terms

• unsapped

Translations

make unstable; weaken

• Bulgarian: омаломощавам (bg) (omalomoštavam)
• Dutch: ondermijnen (nl), verzwakken (nl), aantasten (nl)
• Finnish: uuvuttaa (fi), heikentää (fi)
• Italian: indebolire (it), fiaccare (it), logorare (it)

gradually drain

• Bulgarian: ^{(please verify)} изтощавам (bg) (iztoštavam)
• Dutch: uitputten (nl)
• Finnish: heikentää (fi), kuluttaa (fi)
• German: erschöpfen (de), aufzehren (de)
• Māori: ^{(please verify)} whakangoikore
• Russian: истощать (ru) (istoščatʹ), иссуша́ть (ru) (issušátʹ)

pierce with saps

• Bulgarian: please add this translation if you can
• Manx: towl

undermine

• Bulgarian: подкопавам (bg) (podkopavam)
• Dutch: ondermijnen (nl), aantasten (nl), ondergraven (nl)
• Finnish: kaivaa maata alta
• French: saper (fr), miner (fr)
• Ido: sapar (io)
• Italian: scalzare (it), minare (it)
• Portuguese: socavar
• Romanian: săpa (ro), submina (ro)
• Spanish: zapar (es), socavar (es)

proceed by mining

• Bulgarian: please add this translation if you can
• Dutch: ondermijnen (nl), ondergraven (nl)

Noun

sap (plural saps)

1. (military) A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions, etc.

Derived terms

• sap fagot
• sapper
• sap roller

Translations

narrow ditch or trench

• Bulgarian: покрит окоп m (pokrit okop)
• Czech: sapa (cs) f
• Finnish: katettu juoksuhauta (literally “covered trench”)
• French: sape (fr) f
• German: Laufgraben (de) m
• Icelandic: skotgröf f
• Manx: fo-chlash f
• Russian: са́па (ru) f (sápa)
• Swedish: skyttegrav (sv) c, löpgrav (sv) c

Etymology 3

Probably from sapling.

Noun

Several leather saps.

sap (plural saps)

1. (countable, US, slang) A short wooden club; a leather-covered hand weapon; a blackjack.
   • 1944, William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, Jules Furthman, The Big Sleep (screenplay)

     I risk my whole future, the hatred of the cops and Eddie Mars' gang. I dodge bullets and eat saps.

Translations

leather-covered hand weapon

• Bulgarian: палка (bg) f (palka)
• Dutch: ploertendoder (nl) m
• French: matraque (fr) f
• Italian: manganello (it) m

Verb

sap (third-person singular simple present saps, present participle sapping, simple past and past participle sapped)

1. (transitive, slang) To strike with a sap (with a blackjack).
   • 1944, William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett, Jules Furthman, The Big Sleep (screenplay)

     [A]s he passes the mouth of a narrow alley two men step out quickly. One of them saps Marlowe expertly — they drag him out of sight.

   • 1964, Raymond Chandler, Killer in the Rain:

     And when he had me up there he would sap me again and I wouldn't remember anything that happened in between the two sappings.

Translations

strike with a sap

• Bulgarian: удрям с палка impf (udrjam s palka), ударя с палка pf (udarja s palka)
• Dutch: knuppelen (nl)

Anagrams

• SPA, APS, PAS, Spa, APs, PsA, spa, asp, pas, Pas, PSA, ASP, SpA, PAs, Psa.

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• sapu, tsap, tsapu

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sappō, from Latin sappa. Compare Romanian săpa, sap, French saper, Italian zappare, Sicilian zappari, Spanish zapar, Friulian sapâ, Venetan sapar, Latin sappa.

Verb

sap (participle sãpatã)

1. to dig (with a pick)

Related terms

• sapã
• sãpari, sãpare
• sãpat
• sãpãtor
• sãpãturã

See also

• tãrchescu
• arãm

Azerbaijani

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *sap-.

Noun

sap (definite accusative sapı, plural saplar)

1. thread

   Synonym: ip

Declension

Declension of sap

	singular	plural
nominative	sap	saplar
definite accusative	sapı	sapları
dative	sapa	saplara
locative	sapda	saplarda
ablative	sapdan	saplardan
definite genitive	sapın	sapların

Possessive forms of sap

	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	sapım	saplarım
sənin (“your”)	sapın	sapların
onun (“his/her/its”)	sapı	sapları
bizim (“our”)	sapımız	saplarımız
sizin (“your”)	sapınız	saplarınız
onların (“their”)	sapı or sapları	sapları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	sapımı	saplarımı
sənin (“your”)	sapını	saplarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	sapını	saplarını
bizim (“our”)	sapımızı	saplarımızı
sizin (“your”)	sapınızı	saplarınızı
onların (“their”)	sapını or saplarını	saplarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	sapıma	saplarıma
sənin (“your”)	sapına	saplarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	sapına	saplarına
bizim (“our”)	sapımıza	saplarımıza
sizin (“your”)	sapınıza	saplarınıza
onların (“their”)	sapına or saplarına	saplarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	sapımda	saplarımda
sənin (“your”)	sapında	saplarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	sapında	saplarında
bizim (“our”)	sapımızda	saplarımızda
sizin (“your”)	sapınızda	saplarınızda
onların (“their”)	sapında or saplarında	saplarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	sapımdan	saplarımdan
sənin (“your”)	sapından	saplarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	sapından	saplarından
bizim (“our”)	sapımızdan	saplarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	sapınızdan	saplarınızdan
onların (“their”)	sapından or saplarından	saplarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	sapımın	saplarımın
sənin (“your”)	sapının	saplarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	sapının	saplarının
bizim (“our”)	sapımızın	saplarımızın
sizin (“your”)	sapınızın	saplarınızın
onların (“their”)	sapının or saplarının	saplarının

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

sap (definite accusative sapı, plural saplar)

1. grip, hilt

Declension

Declension of sap

	singular	plural
nominative	sap	saplar
definite accusative	sapı	sapları
dative	sapa	saplara
locative	sapda	saplarda
ablative	sapdan	saplardan
definite genitive	sapın	sapların

Possessive forms of sap

	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	sapım	saplarım
sənin (“your”)	sapın	sapların
onun (“his/her/its”)	sapı	sapları
bizim (“our”)	sapımız	saplarımız
sizin (“your”)	sapınız	saplarınız
onların (“their”)	sapı or sapları	sapları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	sapımı	saplarımı
sənin (“your”)	sapını	saplarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	sapını	saplarını
bizim (“our”)	sapımızı	saplarımızı
sizin (“your”)	sapınızı	saplarınızı
onların (“their”)	sapını or saplarını	saplarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	sapıma	saplarıma
sənin (“your”)	sapına	saplarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	sapına	saplarına
bizim (“our”)	sapımıza	saplarımıza
sizin (“your”)	sapınıza	saplarınıza
onların (“their”)	sapına or saplarına	saplarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	sapımda	saplarımda
sənin (“your”)	sapında	saplarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	sapında	saplarında
bizim (“our”)	sapımızda	saplarımızda
sizin (“your”)	sapınızda	saplarınızda
onların (“their”)	sapında or saplarında	saplarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	sapımdan	saplarımdan
sənin (“your”)	sapından	saplarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	sapından	saplarından
bizim (“our”)	sapımızdan	saplarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	sapınızdan	saplarınızdan
onların (“their”)	sapından or saplarından	saplarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	sapımın	saplarımın
sənin (“your”)	sapının	saplarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	sapının	saplarının
bizim (“our”)	sapımızın	saplarımızın
sizin (“your”)	sapınızın	saplarınızın
onların (“their”)	sapının or saplarının	saplarının

Further reading

• “sap” in Obastan.com.

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈsap]
• Rhymes: -ap

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

• sab (obsolete)

Etymology 2

Back-formation from cepell.

Noun

sap m (plural saps)

1. common heather

   Synonyms: bruguerola, bronsa

Etymology 3

Verb

sap

1. third-person singular present indicative of saber

Further reading

• “sap”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch sap, from Old Dutch *sap, from Proto-West Germanic *sap.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑp/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: sap
• Rhymes: -ɑp

Noun

sap n (plural sappen, diminutive sapje n)

1. juice

   Hyponyms: aalbessensap, appelsap, citroensap, druivensap, sinaasappelsap, vruchtensap

2. sap (fluid in plants)

Derived terms

• aalbessensap
• ananassap
• appelsap
• appelsiensap
• bessensap
• bietensap
• bloedsinaasappelsap
• boomsap
• citroensap
• cranberrysap
• druivensap
• fruitsap
• grapefruitsap
• limoensap
• maagsap
• mandarijnsap
• multivitaminesap
• pancreassap
• perensap
• sappig
• sinaasappelsap
• tomatensap
• uiensap
• vruchtensap
• wortelsap
• yumberrysap
• zoetsappig
• zwartebessensap

Descendants

• Afrikaans: sap
• Negerhollands: sap
• → Indonesian: getah (semantic loan)

Anagrams

• pas

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of sap – see 圾 (“garbage; rubbish; clod”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 圾).

For pronunciation and definitions of sap – see 屑 (“bits; scraps; crumbs; fragments; trifling; trivial; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 屑).

For pronunciation and definitions of sap – see 雪 (“snow; to snow; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 雪).

For pronunciation and definitions of sap – see 霎 (“instant; moment; short; fleeting; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 霎).

For pronunciation and definitions of sap – see 歃 (“to drink; to suck; to smear on the mouth; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 歃).

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈsap/ [ˈsap̚]
• Rhymes: -ap
• Syllabification: sap

Etymology 1

Unknown

Noun

sap (plural sap-sap)

1. paper or scraps that can absorb ink
2. sheets of shredded tobacco stacked into a staple

Etymology 2

Noun

sap (plural sap-sap)

1. alternative spelling of saf

Further reading

• “sap”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Kholosi

Etymology

From Sanskrit सर्प (sarpa).

Noun

sap ?

1. snake

References

• Eric Anonby; Hassan Mohebi Bahmani (2014), “Shipwrecked and Landlocked: Kholosi, an Indo-Aryan Language in South-west Iran”, in Cahier de Studia Iranica xx‎^[3], pages 13-36

Middle English

Alternative forms

• saape, saappe, sape, sapp, sappe, zep
• sæp, sæpp (Early Middle English)

Etymology

From Old English sæp, from Proto-West Germanic *sap, from Proto-Indo-European *sep-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sap/, /saːp/

Noun

sap (uncountable)

1. sap (plant juices)
2. sapwood (wood under bark)
3. (rare) earwax

Derived terms

• saplyng
• sappy

Descendants

• English: sap
• Scots: sap, saup

References

• “sā̆p(e, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *saipu, from Proto-Germanic *saipō (“resin”), from Proto-Indo-European *seyb-, *seyp- (“to pour, sile, flow, drip”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑːp/
• Rhymes: -ɑːp

Noun

sāp f

1. amber, resin
2. pomade

Declension

Strong ō-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	sāp	sāpa, sāpe
accusative	sāpe	sāpa, sāpe
genitive	sāpe	sāpa
dative	sāpe	sāpum

Related terms

• sāpe
• sīpian

Descendants

• ⇒? Middle English: eresap, eresope (“earwax”)

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsap/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ap
• Syllabification: sap

Verb

sap

1. second-person singular imperative of sapać

Romani

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *serp-

Sanskrit सृप् (sṛp)

Sanskrit स॒र्प (sarpá)

Prakrit 𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧 (sappa)

Romani sap

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀧 (sappa), from Sanskrit सर्प (sarpá). Cognate with Punjabi ਸੱਪ (sappa, “snake”).

Noun

sap m (plural sapa)

1. snake

   Kana sas anθ-o veś, jekh sap dandardǎs man.

   While I was in the woods, a snake bit me.

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “sap”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 766
• Yaron Matras (2002), “Historical and linguistic origins”, in Romani: A Linguistic Introduction‎^[4], Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 40
• Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “sap, ~a”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 154

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sap]

Verb

sap

1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of săpa

Salar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *sap. Cognate to Azerbaijani, Gagauz, Turkish, and Turkmen sap, etc.

Pronunciation

• (Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA^(key): /sɑpʰ/
• (Ili, Xinjiang) IPA^(key): /sɨpʰ/

Noun

sap (3rd person possessive sabı, plural saplar)

1. handle, knob
2. petiole, pedicel

Derived terms

• saplağusı

References

• Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “sap”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow: Nauka, page 474
• 林莲云 [Lin Lianyun] (1992), “sap”, in 撒拉汉汉撒拉词汇 [Salar-Chinese, Chinese-Salar Vocabulary], 成都 [Chéngdū]: 四川民族出版社, →ISBN, page 58
• Yakup, Abdurishid (2002), “sap”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon‎^[5], Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 160

Tausug

Alternative forms

• sāp

Etymology

Borrowed from Malay cap.

Pronunciation

• (Sinūgan Parianun) IPA^(key): /sap/ [ˈsap̚]
• Rhymes: -ap
• Syllabification: sap

Noun

sap (Sulat Sūg spelling سَفْ)

1. seal; stamp
2. brand

   Synonym: jinama ( Malaysia)

Derived terms

• hipagsap
• hipasap
• magsap
• piyasap
• sapun
• siyap

Turkish

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish صاپ (sap, “handle; stalk; hair”), from Proto-Turkic *sap (“handle”). Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (sap).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsɑp/

Adjective

sap

1. (slang) not having a significant other

Declension

Predicative forms of sap

present tense
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I am)	sapım	sap mıyım?
sen (you are)	sapsın	sap mısın?
o (he/she/it is)	sap / saptır	sap mı?
biz (we are)	sapız	sap mıyız?
siz (you are)	sapsınız	sap mısınız?
onlar (they are)	sap(lar)	sap(lar) mı?
past tense
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I was)	saptım	sap mıydım?
sen (you were)	saptın	sap mıydın?
o (he/she/it was)	saptı	sap mıydı?
biz (we were)	saptık	sap mıydık?
siz (you were)	saptınız	sap mıydınız?
onlar (they were)	saptılar	sap mıydılar?
indirect past
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (I was)	sapmışım	sap mıymışım?
sen (you were)	sapmışsın	sap mıymışsın?
o (he/she/it was)	sapmış	sap mıymış?
biz (we were)	sapmışız	sap mıymışız?
siz (you were)	sapmışsınız	sap mıymışsınız?
onlar (they were)	sapmışlar	sap mıymışlar?
conditional
	positive declarative	positive interrogative
ben (if I)	sapsam	sap mıysam?
sen (if you)	sapsan	sap mıysan?
o (if he/she/it)	sapsa	sap mıysa?
biz (if we)	sapsak	sap mıysak?
siz (if you)	sapsanız	sap mıysanız?
onlar (if they)	sapsalar	sap mıysalar?

For negative forms, use the appropriate form of değil.

Noun

sap (definite accusative sapı, plural saplar)

1. handle
2. stem, stalk
3. (slang) penis
4. (slang) male

Declension

Declension of sap

singular plural nominative sap saplar definite accusative sapı sapları dative sapa saplara locative sapta saplarda ablative saptan saplardan genitive sapın sapların Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular sapım saplarım 2nd singular sapın sapların 3rd singular sapı sapları 1st plural sapımız saplarımız 2nd plural sapınız saplarınız 3rd plural sapları sapları definite accusative singular plural 1st singular sapımı saplarımı 2nd singular sapını saplarını 3rd singular sapını saplarını 1st plural sapımızı saplarımızı 2nd plural sapınızı saplarınızı 3rd plural saplarını saplarını dative singular plural 1st singular sapıma saplarıma 2nd singular sapına saplarına 3rd singular sapına saplarına 1st plural sapımıza saplarımıza 2nd plural sapınıza saplarınıza 3rd plural saplarına saplarına locative singular plural 1st singular sapımda saplarımda 2nd singular sapında saplarında 3rd singular sapında saplarında 1st plural sapımızda saplarımızda 2nd plural sapınızda saplarınızda 3rd plural saplarında saplarında ablative singular plural 1st singular sapımdan saplarımdan 2nd singular sapından saplarından 3rd singular sapından saplarından 1st plural sapımızdan saplarımızdan 2nd plural sapınızdan saplarınızdan 3rd plural saplarından saplarından genitive singular plural 1st singular sapımın saplarımın 2nd singular sapının saplarının 3rd singular sapının saplarının 1st plural sapımızın saplarımızın 2nd plural sapınızın saplarınızın 3rd plural saplarının saplarının

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

sap

1. second-person singular imperative of sapmak

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *sappi.

Noun

sap

1. bile, gall

Declension

Inflection of sap (inflection type 2/kodi)
nominative sing.	sap
genitive sing.	sapin
partitive sing.	sapid
partitive plur.	sapid
	singular	plural
nominative	sap	sapid
accusative	sapin	sapid
genitive	sapin	sapiden
partitive	sapid	sapid
essive-instructive	sapin	sapin
translative	sapikš	sapikš
inessive	sapiš	sapiš
elative	sapišpäi	sapišpäi
illative	sapihe	sapihe
adessive	sapil	sapil
ablative	sapilpäi	sapilpäi
allative	sapile	sapile
abessive	sapita	sapita
comitative	sapinke	sapidenke
prolative	sapidme	sapidme
approximative I	sapinno	sapidenno
approximative II	sapinnoks	sapidennoks
egressive	sapinnopäi	sapidennopäi
terminative I	sapihesai	sapihesai
terminative II	sapilesai	sapilesai
terminative III	sapissai	—
additive I	sapihepäi	sapihepäi
additive II	sapilepäi	sapilepäi

Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin sapiō (“to be wise”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑːp/

Noun

sap

1. wisdom

Derived terms

• sapik

Zhuang

Pronunciation

• (Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /θaːp˧˥/
• Tone numbers: sab⁷
• Hyphenation: sap

Etymology 1

From Proto-Tai *saːpᴰ (“cockroach”). Cognate with Thai สาบ (sàap), Lao ສາບ (sāp), Shan သၢပ်ႇ (sàap), Bouyei saabt.

Noun

sap (Sawndip form 𫊷, 1957–1982 spelling sap)

1. cockroach

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

sap (1957–1982 spelling sap)

1. to wear shoes with the heels stepping down on the back of the shoes