sataa

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Finnish

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Finnic *satadak (to fall), from Proto-Uralic *śada-, possibly from Indo-Iranian.[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsɑtɑːˣ/, [ˈs̠ɑ̝t̪ɑ̝ː(ʔ)]
  • Rhymes: -ɑtɑː
  • Syllabification(key): sa‧taa

Verb

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sataa (transitive, usually atelic, impersonal)

  1. (meteorology) to precipitate (to have water in the air fall to the ground): to rain, snow, sleet, hail
    sataa kaatamallato rain cats and dogs
    Sataa (vettä).It's raining.
    Huomenna sataa, mutta emme tiedä, tuleeko se vetenä vai lumena.
    It will precipitate tomorrow, but we don't know whether as rain or snow.
  2. (also figuratively) to rain (fall down from the sky like rain)
    Minä menen ulos, vaikka (taivaalta) sataisi puukkoja!
    I'm going out even if it's raining knives!
    (literally, “I'm going out even if knives should be falling from the sky!”)
Usage notes
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  • The same verb is used for all kinds of precipitation, whether it be rain, snow, sleet, hail or something else. If there is no context for which one is meant, sataa on its own is generally understood to refer to rain. The kind can be explicitly specified with modifiers:
    sataa vettäto rain
    sataa tihkuato drizzle
    sataa luntato snow
    sataa räntääto sleet
    sataa rakeitato hail
  • Although this verb can be used alone (as the single word sataa), it is very often used with an adverb of place, for example siellä (there). Since such adverbs are usually added without any literal meaning, they often don't need to be translated, but similar idiomatic use exists in English and other languages:
    (Siellä) sataa.
    It's raining (out/outside).
Conjugation
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Inflection of sataa (Kotus type 56*F/kaivaa, t-d gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. sadan en sada 1st sing. olen satanut en ole satanut
2nd sing. sadat et sada 2nd sing. olet satanut et ole satanut
3rd sing. sataa ei sada 3rd sing. on satanut ei ole satanut
1st plur. sadamme emme sada 1st plur. olemme sataneet emme ole sataneet
2nd plur. sadatte ette sada 2nd plur. olette sataneet ette ole sataneet
3rd plur. satavat eivät sada 3rd plur. ovat sataneet eivät ole sataneet
passive sadetaan ei sadeta passive on sadettu ei ole sadettu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. sadoin en satanut 1st sing. olin satanut en ollut satanut
2nd sing. sadoit et satanut 2nd sing. olit satanut et ollut satanut
3rd sing. satoi ei satanut 3rd sing. oli satanut ei ollut satanut
1st plur. sadoimme emme sataneet 1st plur. olimme sataneet emme olleet sataneet
2nd plur. sadoitte ette sataneet 2nd plur. olitte sataneet ette olleet sataneet
3rd plur. satoivat eivät sataneet 3rd plur. olivat sataneet eivät olleet sataneet
passive sadettiin ei sadettu passive oli sadettu ei ollut sadettu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. sataisin en sataisi 1st sing. olisin satanut en olisi satanut
2nd sing. sataisit et sataisi 2nd sing. olisit satanut et olisi satanut
3rd sing. sataisi ei sataisi 3rd sing. olisi satanut ei olisi satanut
1st plur. sataisimme emme sataisi 1st plur. olisimme sataneet emme olisi sataneet
2nd plur. sataisitte ette sataisi 2nd plur. olisitte sataneet ette olisi sataneet
3rd plur. sataisivat eivät sataisi 3rd plur. olisivat sataneet eivät olisi sataneet
passive sadettaisiin ei sadettaisi passive olisi sadettu ei olisi sadettu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. 1st sing.
2nd sing. sada älä sada 2nd sing.
3rd sing. satakoon älköön satako 3rd sing. olkoon satanut älköön olko satanut
1st plur. satakaamme älkäämme satako 1st plur.
2nd plur. satakaa älkää satako 2nd plur.
3rd plur. satakoot älkööt satako 3rd plur. olkoot sataneet älkööt olko sataneet
passive sadettakoon älköön sadettako passive olkoon sadettu älköön olko sadettu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. satanen en satane 1st sing. lienen satanut en liene satanut
2nd sing. satanet et satane 2nd sing. lienet satanut et liene satanut
3rd sing. satanee ei satane 3rd sing. lienee satanut ei liene satanut
1st plur. satanemme emme satane 1st plur. lienemme sataneet emme liene sataneet
2nd plur. satanette ette satane 2nd plur. lienette sataneet ette liene sataneet
3rd plur. satanevat eivät satane 3rd plur. lienevät sataneet eivät liene sataneet
passive sadettaneen ei sadettane passive lienee sadettu ei liene sadettu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st sataa present satava sadettava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st sataakseni sataaksemme
2nd sataaksesi sataaksenne
3rd sataakseen
sataaksensa
past satanut sadettu
2nd inessive2 sataessa sadettaessa agent4 satama
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st sataessani sataessamme
2nd sataessasi sataessanne
3rd sataessaan
sataessansa
negative satamaton
instructive sataen 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
4) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
* The third-person singular indicative form sataa does not exhibit final gemination,
unlike the first infinitive (the lemma form), even though they are spelled identically.

3rd inessive satamassa
elative satamasta
illative satamaan
adessive satamalla
abessive satamatta
instructive sataman sadettaman
4th3 verbal noun sataminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st satamaisillani satamaisillamme
2nd satamaisillasi satamaisillanne
3rd satamaisillaan
satamaisillansa
Derived terms
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nouns
verbs

References

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  1. ^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “sataa”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01

Further reading

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsɑtɑː/, [ˈs̠ɑ̝t̪ɑ̝ː]
  • Rhymes: -ɑtɑː
  • Syllabification(key): sa‧taa

Numeral

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sataa

  1. partitive singular of sata
    sata, kaksisataa, kolmesataa...one hundred, two hundred, three hundred...
    Hän yrittää hoitaa sataa asiaa samanaikaisesti.
    She's trying to manage a hundred things at the same time.

Anagrams

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Votic

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Pronunciation

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  • (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈsɑtɑː/, [ˈsɑtːɑ]
  • Rhymes: -ɑtɑː
  • Hyphenation: sa‧taa

Verb

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sataa

  1. Alternative spelling of satta

References

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  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn