sorprendre
See also: sorprendré
Catalan
Etymology
From Old Catalan sobreprendre, probably with influence from French surprendre. First attested 1803[1].
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Central) [surˈpɛn.dɾə]
- IPA(key): (Balearic) [sorˈpən.dɾə]
- IPA(key): (Valencia) [soɾˈpɾen.dɾe]
Verb
sorprendre (first-person singular present sorprenc, first-person singular preterite sorprenguí, past participle sorprès)
- to surprise
Conjugation
Related terms
References
Old French
Etymology
sor- + prendre. Earlier, sorprendre (“to overtake”) (formed from sor- (“over”)) was distinguished from sosprendre, sousprendre (“to surprise, catch unaware (from beneath)”) (formed from sous- (“under”)); the two verbs later became one over time.
Verb
sorprendre
- to surprise
- circa 1155, Wace, Le Roman de Brut:
- Cascuns voloit l'altre soprendre
- Each wanted to surprise the other
- to seize; to take control of
- to overtake
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of sorprendre (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | sorprendre | avoir sorpris | |||||
gerund | en sorprenant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | sorprenant | ||||||
past participle | sorpris | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | sorpreing, sorpren | sorprenz | sorprent | sorprenons | sorprenez | sorprenent |
imperfect | sorprenoie, sorpreneie | sorprenoies, sorpreneies | sorprenoit, sorpreneit | sorpreniiens, sorpreniens | sorpreniiez, sorpreniez | sorprenoient, sorpreneient | |
preterite | sorpris | sorpreṣis | sorprist | sorpreṣimes | sorpreṣistes | sorprisdrent | |
future | sorprendrai | sorprendras | sorprendra | sorprendrons | sorprendroiz, sorprendreiz, sorprendrez | sorprendront | |
conditional | sorprendroie, sorprendreie | sorprendroies, sorprendreies | sorprendroit, sorprendreit | sorprendriiens, sorprendriens | sorprendriiez, sorprendriez | sorprendroient, sorprendreient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | sorpreigne | sorpreignes | sorpreigne | sorprenons, sorpreigniens, sorpreignons | sorprenez, sorpreigniez | sorpreignent |
imperfect | sorpreṣisse | sorpreṣisses | sorpreṣist | sorpreṣissons, sorpreṣissiens | sorpreṣissoiz, sorpreṣissez, sorpreṣissiez | sorpreṣissent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | sorpren | — | sorprenons | sorprenez | — |
Related terms
Descendants
- Middle French: surprendre
- English: surprise (from past participle)
- French: surprendre
Categories:
- Catalan terms derived from Old Catalan
- Catalan terms derived from French
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan verbs
- Catalan second conjugation verbs
- Catalan verbs with velar infix
- Catalan irregular verbs
- Old French terms prefixed with sor-
- Old French lemmas
- Old French verbs
- Old French terms with quotations
- Old French verbs with stem alternations
- Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite
- Old French third group verbs
- Old French verbs ending in -re
- Old French irregular verbs