sorprendre

See also: sorprendré

Catalan

Etymology

From Old Catalan sobreprendre, probably with influence from French surprendre. First attested 1803.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [surˈpɛn.dɾə]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [sorˈpən.dɾə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [soɾˈpɾen.dɾe]

Verb

sorprendre (first-person singular present sorprenc, first-person singular preterite sorprenguí, past participle sorprès)

1. to surprise

Related terms

• sorprenent
• sorpresa

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Old French

Etymology

sor- +‎ prendre. Earlier, sorprendre (“to overtake”) (formed from sor- (“over”)) was distinguished from sosprendre, sousprendre (“to surprise, catch unaware (from beneath)”) (formed from sous- (“under”)); the two verbs later became one over time.

Verb

sorprendre

1. to surprise
   • circa 1155, Wace, Le Roman de Brut:

     Cascuns voloit l'altre soprendre

     Each wanted to surprise the other

2. to seize; to take control of
3. to overtake

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of sorprendre (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		sorprendre			avoir sorpris
gerund		en sorprenant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		sorprenant
past participle		sorpris
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	sorpreing, sorpren	sorprenz	sorprent	sorprenons	sorprenez	sorprenent
	imperfect	sorprenoie, sorpreneie	sorprenoies, sorpreneies	sorprenoit, sorpreneit	sorpreniiens, sorpreniens	sorpreniiez, sorpreniez	sorprenoient, sorpreneient
	preterite	sorpris	sorpreṣis	sorprist	sorpreṣimes	sorpreṣistes	sorprisdrent
	future	sorprendrai	sorprendras	sorprendra	sorprendrons	sorprendroiz, sorprendreiz, sorprendrez	sorprendront
	conditional	sorprendroie, sorprendreie	sorprendroies, sorprendreies	sorprendroit, sorprendreit	sorprendriiens, sorprendriens	sorprendriiez, sorprendriez	sorprendroient, sorprendreient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	sorpreigne	sorpreignes	sorpreigne	sorprenons, sorpreigniens, sorpreignons	sorprenez, sorpreigniez	sorpreignent
	imperfect	sorpreṣisse	sorpreṣisses	sorpreṣist	sorpreṣissons, sorpreṣissiens	sorpreṣissoiz, sorpreṣissez, sorpreṣissiez	sorpreṣissent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	sorpren	—	sorprenons	sorprenez	—

Related terms

• prendre

Descendants

• Middle French: surprendre
  • English: surprise (from past participle)
  • French: surprendre