talonpoika
Appearance
See also: Talonpoika
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]talon (“(of) farm, farmstead, homestead”, genitive) + poika (“son, boy”). The term may have initially referred to those who earned their living on farms as opposed to foragers.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈtɑlonˌpoi̯kɑ/, [ˈt̪ɑ̝lo̞mˌpo̞i̯kɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -oikɑ
- Syllabification(key): ta‧lon‧poi‧ka
- Hyphenation(key): talon‧poika
Noun
[edit]talonpoika
- farmer, peasant (non-dependent person who earns his living by cultivating his own or rented land)
- Synonym: maanviljelijä
- (historical) a person who lived off (by farming) land they owned (or later, in some cases, rented); (roughly) a yeoman, husbandman
- Synonym: talollinen
- Hyponyms: perintötalonpoika, kruununtalonpoika, rälssitalonpoika
- (chess, informal) synonym of sotilas (“pawn”)
Usage notes
[edit]- In historical contexts, talonpoika primarily refers to those farmers who owned (or sometimes rented) their own land, and/but lived off of it (in terms of social standing, they were higher than e.g. crofters or copyholders, but lower than large landowners and lords who owned manors or estates, in general lower than the gentry). This term thus most closely corresponds to yeoman or husbandman, but no exact equivalent exists, given the differences in the land ownership system in England as compared to that of Sweden and Finland.
- In many settings, talonpoika is often translated as English peasant. However, talonpoika generally implies land ownership, while peasant does not. Indeed, the latter term could also refer to e.g. shareholders (lampuoti), crofters (torppari) and even serfs (maaorja), which talonpoika would usually not refer to.
- talonpoika is not used as an occupational title for a farmer.
Declension
[edit]| Inflection of talonpoika (Kotus type 10*/koira, ik-j gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | talonpoika | talonpojat | |
| genitive | talonpojan | talonpoikien | |
| partitive | talonpoikaa | talonpoikia | |
| illative | talonpoikaan | talonpoikiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | talonpoika | talonpojat | |
| accusative | nom. | talonpoika | talonpojat |
| gen. | talonpojan | ||
| genitive | talonpojan | talonpoikien talonpoikain rare | |
| partitive | talonpoikaa | talonpoikia | |
| inessive | talonpojassa | talonpojissa | |
| elative | talonpojasta | talonpojista | |
| illative | talonpoikaan | talonpoikiin | |
| adessive | talonpojalla | talonpojilla | |
| ablative | talonpojalta | talonpojilta | |
| allative | talonpojalle | talonpojille | |
| essive | talonpoikana | talonpoikina | |
| translative | talonpojaksi | talonpojiksi | |
| abessive | talonpojatta | talonpojitta | |
| instructive | — | talonpojin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
Derived terms
[edit]compounds
Further reading
[edit]- “talonpoika”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023
Ingrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From talon (“of the house”) + poika (“boy”). Akin to Finnish talonpoika.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈtɑlonˌpoi̯kɑ/, [ˈtɑɫo̞ˑmˌpo̞i̯k]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈtɑloi̯nˌpoi̯kɑ/, [ˈtɑɫo̞ˑiˑmˌpo̞i̯ɡ̊ɑ]
- Rhymes: -oi̯k, -oi̯kɑ
- Hyphenation: ta‧lon‧poi‧ka
Noun
[edit]talonpoika
Declension
[edit]| Declension of talonpoika (type 3/koira, ik-j gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | talonpoika | talonpojat |
| genitive | talonpojan | talonpoikiin |
| partitive | talonpoikaa | talonpoikia |
| illative | talonpoikaa | talonpoikii |
| inessive | talonpojas | talonpojis |
| elative | talonpojast | talonpojist |
| allative | talonpojalle | talonpojille |
| adessive | talonpojal | talonpojil |
| ablative | talonpojalt | talonpojilt |
| translative | talonpojaks | talonpojiks |
| essive | talonpoikanna, talonpoikaan | talonpoikinna, talonpoikiin |
| exessive1) | talonpoikant | talonpoikint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- V. I. Junus (1936), Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 138
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 571
Categories:
- Finnish compound terms
- Finnish 4-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/oikɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/oikɑ/4 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish terms with historical senses
- fi:Chess
- Finnish informal terms
- Finnish koira-type nominals
- Ingrian compound terms
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/oi̯k
- Rhymes:Ingrian/oi̯k/4 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/oi̯kɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/oi̯kɑ/4 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian nouns
- izh:People
- izh:Occupations
