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talonpoika

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Talonpoika

Finnish

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Etymology

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talon ((of) farm, farmstead, homestead, genitive) +‎ poika (son, boy). The term may have initially referred to those who earned their living on farms as opposed to foragers.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈtɑlonˌpoi̯kɑ/, [ˈt̪ɑ̝lo̞mˌpo̞i̯kɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -oikɑ
  • Syllabification(key): ta‧lon‧poi‧ka
  • Hyphenation(key): talon‧poika

Noun

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talonpoika

  1. farmer, peasant (non-dependent person who earns his living by cultivating his own or rented land)
    Synonym: maanviljelijä
  2. (historical) a person who lived off (by farming) land they owned (or later, in some cases, rented); (roughly) a yeoman, husbandman
    Synonym: talollinen
    Hyponyms: perintötalonpoika, kruununtalonpoika, rälssitalonpoika
  3. (chess, informal) synonym of sotilas (pawn)

Usage notes

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  • In historical contexts, talonpoika primarily refers to those farmers who owned (or sometimes rented) their own land, and/but lived off of it (in terms of social standing, they were higher than e.g. crofters or copyholders, but lower than large landowners and lords who owned manors or estates, in general lower than the gentry). This term thus most closely corresponds to yeoman or husbandman, but no exact equivalent exists, given the differences in the land ownership system in England as compared to that of Sweden and Finland.
    • In many settings, talonpoika is often translated as English peasant. However, talonpoika generally implies land ownership, while peasant does not. Indeed, the latter term could also refer to e.g. shareholders (lampuoti), crofters (torppari) and even serfs (maaorja), which talonpoika would usually not refer to.
  • talonpoika is not used as an occupational title for a farmer.

Declension

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Inflection of talonpoika (Kotus type 10*/koira, ik-j gradation)
nominative talonpoika talonpojat
genitive talonpojan talonpoikien
partitive talonpoikaa talonpoikia
illative talonpoikaan talonpoikiin
singular plural
nominative talonpoika talonpojat
accusative nom. talonpoika talonpojat
gen. talonpojan
genitive talonpojan talonpoikien
talonpoikain rare
partitive talonpoikaa talonpoikia
inessive talonpojassa talonpojissa
elative talonpojasta talonpojista
illative talonpoikaan talonpoikiin
adessive talonpojalla talonpojilla
ablative talonpojalta talonpojilta
allative talonpojalle talonpojille
essive talonpoikana talonpoikina
translative talonpojaksi talonpojiksi
abessive talonpojatta talonpojitta
instructive talonpojin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of talonpoika (Kotus type 10*/koira, ik-j gradation)

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Ingrian

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Etymology

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From talon (of the house) +‎ poika (boy). Akin to Finnish talonpoika.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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talonpoika

  1. farmer

Declension

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Declension of talonpoika (type 3/koira, ik-j gradation)
singular plural
nominative talonpoika talonpojat
genitive talonpojan talonpoikiin
partitive talonpoikaa talonpoikia
illative talonpoikaa talonpoikii
inessive talonpojas talonpojis
elative talonpojast talonpojist
allative talonpojalle talonpojille
adessive talonpojal talonpojil
ablative talonpojalt talonpojilt
translative talonpojaks talonpojiks
essive talonpoikanna, talonpoikaan talonpoikinna, talonpoikiin
exessive1) talonpoikant talonpoikint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms

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References

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  • V. I. Junus (1936), Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 138
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 571