untuk

Hungarian

Etymology

un +‎ -tuk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈuntuk]
• Hyphenation: un‧tuk

Verb

untuk

1. first-person plural indicative past definite of un

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• oentoek (1901–1947)
• utk (abbreviation)

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈuntuʔ/ [ˈun̪.t̪ʊʔ]
• Rhymes: -untuʔ
• Syllabification: un‧tuk

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay untuk.

Preposition

untuk

1. for

   Synonyms: bagi, demi

   Hadiah ini adalah untuknya.

   This gift is for him/her/them.

Etymology 2

Semantic loan from English to (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) Coined by (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Particle

untuk

1. to (a particle used for marking the following verb as an infinitive; indicating the aim or goal of an action)

   Abangku berangkat untuk melanjutkan pendidikannya.

   My brother leaves to continue his education.

   Kepala desa meminta warga untuk tetap didalam rumah di tengah cuaca badai.

   The village chief suggested the villagers to stay at home during the thunderstorm.

   Untuk menurunkan berat badan, Anda harus menjaga pola makan.

   To lose some weight, you have to take care of your diet.

Preposition

untuk

1. to (a guide or key to something)

   Kesabaran adalah kunci untuk mencari ketenangan batin.

   Patience is the key to finding inner peace.

   Untukku, ini tidak berpengaruh sama sekali.

   To me, this doesn't matter at all.

Usage notes

Although Indonesian does not have infinitive mood, there are different ways to translate infinitives unlike other languages that lack infinitives which commonly translate the infinitive into subjunctive mood. There are three common ways to translate infinitives into Indonesian, including:

• Infinitive-to-"untuk" + the verb; used when the infinitive indicates a purpose, state, or intention of the verb or procedure, or when the infinitive acts as an adverb (adverbial infinitive). The "untuk" is mostly mandatory in this way of translating infinitive. For example:

• • Kakakku berangkat untuk melanjutkan pendidikannya — My sister departed to continue her education (lit. My sister departed for continuing her education)

• • Terlalu bagus untuk menjadi nyata — Too good to be true (lit. Too god for being true)

• • Untuk membuat panekuk yang sederhana dan lezat ... — To make a simple and delicious pancake ... (lit. For making a simple and delicious pancake ...)

• Infinitive-to-verbal noun; used when the infinitive indicates a desire, imperative, must, or when the infinitive acts as a noun (nominal infinitive), which also corresponds to the usage of subjunctive mood. The "untuk" are mostly not written in this way of translating infinitive. For example:

• • Saya ingin menulis sebuah buku. — I want to write a book. (not: Saya ingin untuk menulis sebuah buku; lit. I want writing a book)

• • Dia perlu pergi ke toilet. — He needs to go to toilet. (not: Dia perlu untuk pergi ke toilet; lit. He needs going to toilet)

• • Saya harus menyelesaikan PR-ku sekarang. — I have to finish my homework now. (not: Saya harus untuk menyelasikan PR-ku sekarang)

• Infinitve-to-("untuk") + passive verb; used when the infinitive indicates an attribute of the verb, or acts as an adjective (adjectival infinitive). The "untuk" is only written when it makes sense to use "untuk" in this way of translating infinitive. Despite the infinitive is an active verb in the original language, it is mostly translated into passive verb in Indonesian. This is because the infinitive is an ergative verb, where the verb is written as an active voice but has a passive sense (e.g. "Bringing durian into airline baggage counts as crime.", but it rather means: "Bringing durian into airline baggage is counted as crime."). In addition, ergative verbs can be both transitive or intransitive. Although Indonesian does have intransitive verbs, but it does not have ergative verbs, which makes Indonesian translates ergative verbs as passive voice. For example:

• • Soal ini mudah untuk diselesaikan. — This problem is easy to solve (lit. This problem is easy for being solved)

• • Dia punya banyak pekerjaan untuk dilakukan. — She has a lot of work to do (lit. She has a lot of work for being done)

• Lastly, "untuk" is not a direct equivalent to the English infinitive particle "to", as it is only a supplementary preposition to clarify and make sense of the infinitive.

Derived terms

• beruntuk (“to get or receive a share of; to be shared”) (obsolete)
• memperuntukkan (“to allot, assign, allocate”)
• menguntukkan (“to allot, assign, allocate”)
• peruntukan (“appropriation”)
• teruntuk (“for, to”) (emphasized)

Further reading

• “untuk”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /untoʔ/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /untʊʔ/
• Rhymes: (Johor-Selangor) -untoʔ, (Riau-Lingga) -untʊʔ
• Hyphenation: un‧tuk

Preposition

untuk (Jawi spelling اونتوق)

1. for (intended for; directed at; belonging to).

   Synonyms: bagi, demi

   Hadiah ini untuk kamu. ― This gift is for you.

2. to; in order to; for the purpose of (indicating the aim or goal of an action).

   Synonyms: bagi, demi

   Kita makan untuk hidup. ― We eat to live.

   Dia datang ke sini untuk berjumpa awak. ― He came here to meet you.

3. for (indicating a specific duration of time).

   Synonym: selama

   Saya akan bercuti untuk dua minggu. ― I will be on vacation for two weeks.

4. as (in the capacity of; to be).

   Synonym: sebagai

   Dia dipilih untuk menjadi ketua. ― He was chosen to be (as) the leader.

Derived terms

Affixations

• diperuntukkan (“to be allocated; to be provided”)
• menguntukkan (“to allocate; to allot”)
• peruntukan (“allocation; provision; appropriation”)

Compounds and phrases

• untuk apa (“what for; why”)
• untuk diri
• untuk selamanya (“forever”)
• untuk sementara (“for a while; temporary”)
• untuk semua
• untuk tujuan
• untuk yang terbaik
• untukmu
• untuknya

Further reading

• "untuk" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Yakan

Verb

untuk

1. to guess

Derived terms

• untukan (“riddle”)