xubha

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-xubha^?

1. (transitive) to brush

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ǁuːba/

Verb

-xubha

1. (intransitive) to gargle
2. (transitive) to clean (the teeth)

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuxubha
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuxubha	ukungaxubhi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	xubha	-xubhe
Plural	xubhani	-xubheni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaxubha, ngixubha	engixubhayo, engixubha	ngixubha	angixubhi	engingaxubhi	ngingaxubhi
2nd singular	uyaxubha, uxubha	oxubhayo, oxubha	uxubha	awuxubhi	ongaxubhi	ungaxubhi
1st plural	siyaxubha, sixubha	esixubhayo, esixubha	sixubha	asixubhi	esingaxubhi	singaxubhi
2nd plural	niyaxubha, nixubha	enixubhayo, enixubha	nixubha	anixubhi	eningaxubhi	ningaxubhi
Class 1	uyaxubha, uxubha	oxubhayo, oxubha	exubha	akaxubhi	ongaxubhi	engaxubhi
Class 2	bayaxubha, baxubha	abaxubhayo, abaxubha	bexubha	abaxubhi	abangaxubhi	bengaxubhi
Class 3	uyaxubha, uxubha	oxubhayo, oxubha	uxubha	awuxubhi	ongaxubhi	ungaxubhi
Class 4	iyaxubha, ixubha	exubhayo, exubha	ixubha	ayixubhi	engaxubhi	ingaxubhi
Class 5	liyaxubha, lixubha	elixubhayo, elixubha	lixubha	alixubhi	elingaxubhi	lingaxubhi
Class 6	ayaxubha, axubha	axubhayo, axubha	exubha	awaxubhi	angaxubhi	engaxubhi
Class 7	siyaxubha, sixubha	esixubhayo, esixubha	sixubha	asixubhi	esingaxubhi	singaxubhi
Class 8	ziyaxubha, zixubha	ezixubhayo, ezixubha	zixubha	azixubhi	ezingaxubhi	zingaxubhi
Class 9	iyaxubha, ixubha	exubhayo, exubha	ixubha	ayixubhi	engaxubhi	ingaxubhi
Class 10	ziyaxubha, zixubha	ezixubhayo, ezixubha	zixubha	azixubhi	ezingaxubhi	zingaxubhi
Class 11	luyaxubha, luxubha	oluxubhayo, oluxubha	luxubha	aluxubhi	olungaxubhi	lungaxubhi
Class 14	buyaxubha, buxubha	obuxubhayo, obuxubha	buxubha	abuxubhi	obungaxubhi	bungaxubhi
Class 15	kuyaxubha, kuxubha	okuxubhayo, okuxubha	kuxubha	akuxubhi	okungaxubhi	kungaxubhi
Class 17	kuyaxubha, kuxubha	okuxubhayo, okuxubha	kuxubha	akuxubhi	okungaxubhi	kungaxubhi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngixubhile, ngixubhē	engixubhile, engixubhē	ngixubhile, ngixubhē	angixubhanga	engingaxubhanga	ngingaxubhanga
2nd singular	uxubhile, uxubhē	oxubhile, oxubhē	uxubhile, uxubhē	awuxubhanga	ongaxubhanga	ungaxubhanga
1st plural	sixubhile, sixubhē	esixubhile, esixubhē	sixubhile, sixubhē	asixubhanga	esingaxubhanga	singaxubhanga
2nd plural	nixubhile, nixubhē	enixubhile, enixubhē	nixubhile, nixubhē	anixubhanga	eningaxubhanga	ningaxubhanga
Class 1	uxubhile, uxubhē	oxubhile, oxubhē	exubhile, exubhē	akaxubhanga	ongaxubhanga	engaxubhanga
Class 2	baxubhile, baxubhē	abaxubhile, abaxubhē	bexubhile, bexubhē	abaxubhanga	abangaxubhanga	bengaxubhanga
Class 3	uxubhile, uxubhē	oxubhile, oxubhē	uxubhile, uxubhē	awuxubhanga	ongaxubhanga	ungaxubhanga
Class 4	ixubhile, ixubhē	exubhile, exubhē	ixubhile, ixubhē	ayixubhanga	engaxubhanga	ingaxubhanga
Class 5	lixubhile, lixubhē	elixubhile, elixubhē	lixubhile, lixubhē	alixubhanga	elingaxubhanga	lingaxubhanga
Class 6	axubhile, axubhē	axubhile, axubhē	exubhile, exubhē	awaxubhanga	angaxubhanga	engaxubhanga
Class 7	sixubhile, sixubhē	esixubhile, esixubhē	sixubhile, sixubhē	asixubhanga	esingaxubhanga	singaxubhanga
Class 8	zixubhile, zixubhē	ezixubhile, ezixubhē	zixubhile, zixubhē	azixubhanga	ezingaxubhanga	zingaxubhanga
Class 9	ixubhile, ixubhē	exubhile, exubhē	ixubhile, ixubhē	ayixubhanga	engaxubhanga	ingaxubhanga
Class 10	zixubhile, zixubhē	ezixubhile, ezixubhē	zixubhile, zixubhē	azixubhanga	ezingaxubhanga	zingaxubhanga
Class 11	luxubhile, luxubhē	oluxubhile, oluxubhē	luxubhile, luxubhē	aluxubhanga	olungaxubhanga	lungaxubhanga
Class 14	buxubhile, buxubhē	obuxubhile, obuxubhē	buxubhile, buxubhē	abuxubhanga	obungaxubhanga	bungaxubhanga
Class 15	kuxubhile, kuxubhē	okuxubhile, okuxubhē	kuxubhile, kuxubhē	akuxubhanga	okungaxubhanga	kungaxubhanga
Class 17	kuxubhile, kuxubhē	okuxubhile, okuxubhē	kuxubhile, kuxubhē	akuxubhanga	okungaxubhanga	kungaxubhanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāxubha	engāxubha	ngāxubha	angixubhanga	engingaxubhanga	ngingaxubhanga
2nd singular	wāxubha	owāxubha	wāxubha	awuxubhanga	ongaxubhanga	ungaxubhanga
1st plural	sāxubha	esāxubha	sāxubha	asixubhanga	esingaxubhanga	singaxubhanga
2nd plural	nāxubha	enāxubha	nāxubha	anixubhanga	eningaxubhanga	ningaxubhanga
Class 1	wāxubha	owāxubha	āxubha	akaxubhanga	ongaxubhanga	engaxubhanga
Class 2	bāxubha	abāxubha	bāxubha	abaxubhanga	abangaxubhanga	bengaxubhanga
Class 3	wāxubha	owāxubha	wāxubha	awuxubhanga	ongaxubhanga	ungaxubhanga
Class 4	yāxubha	eyāxubha	yāxubha	ayixubhanga	engaxubhanga	ingaxubhanga
Class 5	lāxubha	elāxubha	lāxubha	alixubhanga	elingaxubhanga	lingaxubhanga
Class 6	āxubha	āxubha	āxubha	awaxubhanga	angaxubhanga	engaxubhanga
Class 7	sāxubha	esāxubha	sāxubha	asixubhanga	esingaxubhanga	singaxubhanga
Class 8	zāxubha	ezāxubha	zāxubha	azixubhanga	ezingaxubhanga	zingaxubhanga
Class 9	yāxubha	eyāxubha	yāxubha	ayixubhanga	engaxubhanga	ingaxubhanga
Class 10	zāxubha	ezāxubha	zāxubha	azixubhanga	ezingaxubhanga	zingaxubhanga
Class 11	lwāxubha	olwāxubha	lwāxubha	aluxubhanga	olungaxubhanga	lungaxubhanga
Class 14	bāxubha	obāxubha	bāxubha	abuxubhanga	obungaxubhanga	bungaxubhanga
Class 15	kwāxubha	okwāxubha	kwāxubha	akuxubhanga	okungaxubhanga	kungaxubhanga
Class 17	kwāxubha	okwāxubha	kwāxubha	akuxubhanga	okungaxubhanga	kungaxubhanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaxubha	—	ngingaxubha	ngingexubhe	—	ngingexubhe
2nd singular	ungaxubha	—	ungaxubha	ungexubhe	—	ungexubhe
1st plural	singaxubha	—	singaxubha	singexubhe	—	singexubhe
2nd plural	ningaxubha	—	ningaxubha	ningexubhe	—	ningexubhe
Class 1	angaxubha	—	engaxubha	angexubhe	—	engexubhe
Class 2	bangaxubha	—	bengaxubha	bangexubhe	—	bengexubhe
Class 3	ungaxubha	—	ungaxubha	ungexubhe	—	ungexubhe
Class 4	ingaxubha	—	ingaxubha	ingexubhe	—	ingexubhe
Class 5	lingaxubha	—	lingaxubha	lingexubhe	—	lingexubhe
Class 6	angaxubha	—	engaxubha	angexubhe	—	engexubhe
Class 7	singaxubha	—	singaxubha	singexubhe	—	singexubhe
Class 8	zingaxubha	—	zingaxubha	zingexubhe	—	zingexubhe
Class 9	ingaxubha	—	ingaxubha	ingexubhe	—	ingexubhe
Class 10	zingaxubha	—	zingaxubha	zingexubhe	—	zingexubhe
Class 11	lungaxubha	—	lungaxubha	lungexubhe	—	lungexubhe
Class 14	bungaxubha	—	bungaxubha	bungexubhe	—	bungexubhe
Class 15	kungaxubha	—	kungaxubha	kungexubhe	—	kungexubhe
Class 17	kungaxubha	—	kungaxubha	kungexubhe	—	kungexubhe
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoxubha	engizoxubha	ngizoxubha	angizuxubha	engingezuxubha	ngingezuxubha
2nd singular	uzoxubha	ozoxubha	uzoxubha	awuzuxubha	ongezuxubha	ungezuxubha
1st plural	sizoxubha	esizoxubha	sizoxubha	asizuxubha	esingezuxubha	singezuxubha
2nd plural	nizoxubha	enizoxubha	nizoxubha	anizuxubha	eningezuxubha	ningezuxubha
Class 1	uzoxubha	ozoxubha	ezoxubha	akazuxubha	ongezuxubha	engezuxubha
Class 2	bazoxubha	abazoxubha	bezoxubha	abazuxubha	abangezuxubha	bengezuxubha
Class 3	uzoxubha	ozoxubha	uzoxubha	awuzuxubha	ongezuxubha	ungezuxubha
Class 4	izoxubha	ezoxubha	izoxubha	ayizuxubha	engezuxubha	ingezuxubha
Class 5	lizoxubha	elizoxubha	lizoxubha	alizuxubha	elingezuxubha	lingezuxubha
Class 6	azoxubha	azoxubha	ezoxubha	awazuxubha	angezuxubha	engezuxubha
Class 7	sizoxubha	esizoxubha	sizoxubha	asizuxubha	esingezuxubha	singezuxubha
Class 8	zizoxubha	ezizoxubha	zizoxubha	azizuxubha	ezingezuxubha	zingezuxubha
Class 9	izoxubha	ezoxubha	izoxubha	ayizuxubha	engezuxubha	ingezuxubha
Class 10	zizoxubha	ezizoxubha	zizoxubha	azizuxubha	ezingezuxubha	zingezuxubha
Class 11	luzoxubha	oluzoxubha	luzoxubha	aluzuxubha	olungezuxubha	lungezuxubha
Class 14	buzoxubha	obuzoxubha	buzoxubha	abuzuxubha	obungezuxubha	bungezuxubha
Class 15	kuzoxubha	okuzoxubha	kuzoxubha	akuzuxubha	okungezuxubha	kungezuxubha
Class 17	kuzoxubha	okuzoxubha	kuzoxubha	akuzuxubha	okungezuxubha	kungezuxubha
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoxubha	engiyoxubha	ngiyoxubha	angiyuxubha	engingeyuxubha	ngingeyuxubha
2nd singular	uyoxubha	oyoxubha	uyoxubha	awuyuxubha	ongeyuxubha	ungeyuxubha
1st plural	siyoxubha	esiyoxubha	siyoxubha	asiyuxubha	esingeyuxubha	singeyuxubha
2nd plural	niyoxubha	eniyoxubha	niyoxubha	aniyuxubha	eningeyuxubha	ningeyuxubha
Class 1	uyoxubha	oyoxubha	eyoxubha	akayuxubha	ongeyuxubha	engeyuxubha
Class 2	bayoxubha	abayoxubha	beyoxubha	abayuxubha	abangeyuxubha	bengeyuxubha
Class 3	uyoxubha	oyoxubha	uyoxubha	awuyuxubha	ongeyuxubha	ungeyuxubha
Class 4	iyoxubha	eyoxubha	iyoxubha	ayiyuxubha	engeyuxubha	ingeyuxubha
Class 5	liyoxubha	eliyoxubha	liyoxubha	aliyuxubha	elingeyuxubha	lingeyuxubha
Class 6	ayoxubha	ayoxubha	eyoxubha	awayuxubha	angeyuxubha	engeyuxubha
Class 7	siyoxubha	esiyoxubha	siyoxubha	asiyuxubha	esingeyuxubha	singeyuxubha
Class 8	ziyoxubha	eziyoxubha	ziyoxubha	aziyuxubha	ezingeyuxubha	zingeyuxubha
Class 9	iyoxubha	eyoxubha	iyoxubha	ayiyuxubha	engeyuxubha	ingeyuxubha
Class 10	ziyoxubha	eziyoxubha	ziyoxubha	aziyuxubha	ezingeyuxubha	zingeyuxubha
Class 11	luyoxubha	oluyoxubha	luyoxubha	aluyuxubha	olungeyuxubha	lungeyuxubha
Class 14	buyoxubha	obuyoxubha	buyoxubha	abuyuxubha	obungeyuxubha	bungeyuxubha
Class 15	kuyoxubha	okuyoxubha	kuyoxubha	akuyuxubha	okungeyuxubha	kungeyuxubha
Class 17	kuyoxubha	okuyoxubha	kuyoxubha	akuyuxubha	okungeyuxubha	kungeyuxubha
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngixubhe	ngingaxubhi
2nd singular	uxubhe	ungaxubhi
1st plural	sixubhe	singaxubhi
2nd plural	nixubhe	ningaxubhi
Class 1	axubhe	angaxubhi
Class 2	baxubhe	bangaxubhi
Class 3	uxubhe	ungaxubhi
Class 4	ixubhe	ingaxubhi
Class 5	lixubhe	lingaxubhi
Class 6	axubhe	angaxubhi
Class 7	sixubhe	singaxubhi
Class 8	zixubhe	zingaxubhi
Class 9	ixubhe	ingaxubhi
Class 10	zixubhe	zingaxubhi
Class 11	luxubhe	lungaxubhi
Class 14	buxubhe	bungaxubhi
Class 15	kuxubhe	kungaxubhi
Class 17	kuxubhe	kungaxubhi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaxubha	ngangaxubha, angaxubha, angangaxubha
2nd singular	waxubha	wangaxubha, awaxubha, awangaxubha
1st plural	saxubha	sangaxubha, asaxubha, asangaxubha
2nd plural	naxubha	nangaxubha, anaxubha, anangaxubha
Class 1	waxubha	wangaxubha, akaxubha, akangaxubha
Class 2	baxubha	bangaxubha, abaxubha, abangaxubha
Class 3	waxubha	wangaxubha, awaxubha, awangaxubha
Class 4	yaxubha	yangaxubha, ayaxubha, ayangaxubha
Class 5	laxubha	langaxubha, alaxubha, alangaxubha
Class 6	axubha	angaxubha, awaxubha, awangaxubha
Class 7	saxubha	sangaxubha, asaxubha, asangaxubha
Class 8	zaxubha	zangaxubha, azaxubha, azangaxubha
Class 9	yaxubha	yangaxubha, ayaxubha, ayangaxubha
Class 10	zaxubha	zangaxubha, azaxubha, azangaxubha
Class 11	lwaxubha	lwangaxubha, alwaxubha, alwangaxubha
Class 14	baxubha	bangaxubha, abaxubha, abangaxubha
Class 15	kwaxubha	kwangaxubha, akwaxubha, akwangaxubha
Class 17	kwaxubha	kwangaxubha, akwaxubha, akwangaxubha

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “xuba”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “xuba (6.3)”