χώρα
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Of uncertain origin. Beekes compares χήρα (khḗra, “widow”), assuming common derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- (“to leave behind”), with original meaning "unoccupied (left-behind) space". This is far from certain, however.[1]
Older theories take the word as possibly loaned from a Pre-Greek substrate or other regional language. Has been tentatively and inconclusively compared with χᾰ́ος (kháos, “empty space, abyss, chasm”) as well as χατέω (khatéō, “to lack, miss, need, desire”); Beekes dismisses these connections as unfounded, particularly that with χατέω (khatéō).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kʰɔ̌ː.raː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkʰo.ra/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈxo.ra/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈxo.ra/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈxo.ra/
Noun
[edit]χώρᾱ • (khṓrā) f (genitive χώρᾱς); first declension
- location, place, spot (see Latin locus)
- the proper place
- one's place in life
- piece of land: tract, land, field
- country (opposite town), countryside
- country, nation
Declension
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ χώρᾱ hē khṓrā |
τὼ χώρᾱ tṑ khṓrā |
αἱ χῶραι hai khôrai | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς χώρᾱς tês khṓrās |
τοῖν χώραιν toîn khṓrain |
τῶν χωρῶν tôn khōrôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ χώρᾳ têi khṓrāi |
τοῖν χώραιν toîn khṓrain |
ταῖς χώραις taîs khṓrais | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν χώρᾱν tḕn khṓrān |
τὼ χώρᾱ tṑ khṓrā |
τᾱ̀ς χώρᾱς tā̀s khṓrās | ||||||||||
Vocative | χώρᾱ khṓrā |
χώρᾱ khṓrā |
χῶραι khôrai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
[edit]- χωρογρᾰ́φος (khōrográphos)
- χωροφῠ́λᾰξ (khōrophúlax)
Related terms
[edit]- χῶρος (“space, place”)
Descendants
[edit]- → Aromanian: hoarã
- → Bulgarian: хо́ра (hóra, “people, community”)
- → Classical Syriac: ܟܘܪܐ (kōrā), ܟܘܪ (kōr)
- → Coptic: ⲭⲱⲣⲁ (khōra)
- Greek: χώρα (chóra)
- Mariupol Greek: хора (xora)
- English: isochoric
- English: epichoric
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χώρα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1654-5
Further reading
[edit]- “χώρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “χώρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- χώρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- “χώρα”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5561 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- atarneus idem, page 49.
- country idem, page 178.
- domain idem, page 246.
- dominion idem, page 247.
- estate idem, page 283.
- ilian idem, page 414.
- land idem, page 475.
- landscape idem, page 475.
- picenum idem, page 611.
- place idem, page 616.
- position idem, page 628.
- post idem, page 629.
- province idem, page 654.
- quarter idem, page 663.
- region idem, page 687.
- room idem, page 721.
- scenery idem, page 738.
- situation idem, page 780.
- space idem, page 797.
- spot idem, page 804.
- territory idem, page 863.
- tract idem, page 885.
- vacancy idem, page 941.
- zone idem, page 997.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- “χώρα”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011
Greek
[edit]Noun
[edit]χώρα • (chóra) f (plural χώρες)
- (geography) main town or village
- (geography) country, (especially) homeland, country of birth
- Synonym: πατρίδα (patrída)
- Η Σκωτία είναι χώρα που αποτελεί τμήμα του ΗΒ.
- I Skotía eínai chóra pou apoteleí tmíma tou IV.
- Scotland is a country that is part of the UK.
Declension
[edit]Declension of χώρα
Coordinate terms
[edit]- κράτος f (krátos, “state”)
Related terms
[edit]Verb
[edit]χώρα • (chóra)
- 2nd person singular imperfective imperative form of χωρώ (choró).
- 2nd person singular perfective imperative form of χωρώ (choró).
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms borrowed from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns
- Ancient Greek first-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension
- Greek lemmas
- Greek nouns
- Greek feminine nouns
- el:Geography
- Greek terms with usage examples
- Greek nouns declining like 'ιστορία'
- Greek non-lemma forms
- Greek verb forms