гайка

Belarusian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Ruthenian га́йка (hájka), from Proto-Slavic *gajьka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɣajka]

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

га́йка • (hájka) f inan (genitive га́йкі, nominative plural га́йкі, genitive plural га́ек)

1. nut (fastener)

Declension

Declension of га́йка (inan velar fem-form accent-a reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	га́йка hájka	га́йкі hájki
genitive	га́йкі hájki	га́ек hájek
dative	га́йцы hájcy	га́йкам hájkam
accusative	га́йку hájku	га́йкі hájki
instrumental	га́йкай, га́йкаю hájkaj, hájkaju	га́йкамі hájkami
locative	га́йцы hájcy	га́йках hájkax
count form	—	га́йкі1 hájki1

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Bulgarian

Гайка навита о болт

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian га́йка (gájka), from Proto-Slavic *gajьka. Further origin is uncertain:

• Either related to Bulgarian жир (žir, “fat, grease”), гоя́ (gojá, “to lush”) with initial meaning something that fastens, fixates (compare Ukrainian га́їти (hájity, “to hinder one's motion”), Czech hájit (“to protect”));
• or from the root of Bulgarian га́щи (gášti, “pants”), originally meaning something that fits onto.

See Russian га́йка (gájka) for further discussion and cognates.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡajkɐ]

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

га́йка • (gájka) f (relational adjective га́ечен, diminutive га́йчица)

1. nut (fastener)

   Synonym: (dialectal, dated) нави́тък (navítǎk)

Declension

Declension of га́йка

	singular	plural
indefinite	га́йка gájka	га́йки gájki
definite	га́йката gájkata	га́йките gájkite

Derived terms

• га́ечен ключ (gáečen ključ, “spanner, wrench”)

References

• “гайка”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “гайка”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Old Ruthenian

га́йка

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian га́йка (gájka), from Proto-Slavic *gajьka. First attested in the 18th century.

Noun

гайка • (hajka) f inan

1. nut (that fits on a bolt)

Descendants

• Belarusian: га́йка (hájka)
• Ukrainian: га́йка (hájka)

Further reading

• Zhurawski, A. I., editor (1985), “гайка”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 6 (выостреный – глядати), Minsk: Navuka i tekhnika, page 243

Russian

Etymology

Per Trubachev and Anikin (although Vasmer expressed skepticism) from Proto-Slavic *gajьka (“something that connects; something that prohibits”), derived from Proto-Slavic *gajiti (“to protect”).

Attested since 17th century.

Cognates include Serbo-Croatian gȃjka (“movable ring; nut”), dialectal Czech hajka (“straw landmark on a pole as a sign prohibiting road use”), Ukrainian га́їти (hájity, “to slow down; to linger”), Czech hájiti (“to protect, care”), Slovak hájit’ (“to protect, stand up for”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡajkə]

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

га́йка • (gájka) f inan (genitive га́йки, nominative plural га́йки, genitive plural га́ек)

1. nut (that fits on a bolt)

Declension

Declension of га́йка (inan fem-form velar-stem accent-a reduc) 

	singular	plural
nominative	га́йка gájka	га́йки gájki
genitive	га́йки gájki	га́ек gájek
dative	га́йке gájke	га́йкам gájkam
accusative	га́йку gájku	га́йки gájki
instrumental	га́йкой, га́йкою gájkoj, gájkoju	га́йками gájkami
prepositional	га́йке gájke	га́йках gájkax

Related terms

• гаечка (gaječka), гайковёрт (gajkovjórt), гаечный ключ (gaječnyj ključ)
• гаечный (gaječnyj), гайконарезной (gajkonareznoj)

Descendants

• → Armenian: գայկա (gayka)
• → Azerbaijani: qayka
• → Bulgarian: га́йка (gájka)
• → Ingrian: gaika
• → Old Ruthenian: га́йка (hájka)
  • Belarusian: га́йка (hájka)
  • Ukrainian: га́йка (hájka)
• → Turkmen: gaýka

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гайка”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress