тюрьма

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Russian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old East Slavic тюрма (tjurma), traditionally believed to be derived from Polish turma, from Middle High German turm, turn, from Old French *torn, from Latin turrem/turrim, accusative singular of turris, whence English tower. But more likely from Proto-Turkic *türmä (prison); compare Tatar төрмә (törmä, prison), Kyrgyz түрмө (türmö, prison).

Cognate with Ukrainian тюрма (tjurma).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [tʲʉrʲˈma]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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тюрьма́ (tjurʹmáf inan (genitive тюрьмы́, nominative plural тю́рьмы, genitive plural тю́рем, relational adjective тюре́мный)

  1. prison, jail
    Synonym: темни́ца (temníca) (dated)

Declension

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Descendants

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  • Azerbaijani: türmə
  • Estonian: türm
  • Finnish: tyrmä
  • Ingrian: tyrmä
  • Kalmyk: түүрм (tüürm)
  • Kildin Sami: туррьм (turr’m)
  • Yakut: түрмэ (türme)
  • Yiddish: טורמעס (turmes)

References

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  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тюрьма”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress