ܟܒܪ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܟ ܒ ܪ (k b r)
3 terms

From Aramaic כְּבַר (kəḇar); compare the same in Hebrew כְּבָר (k'vár).

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): [kwar.]
• (Urmian) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃvar.]

Adverb

ܟܒ݂ܲܪ • (kḇar)

1. (preceding a verb in the indefinite past tense) already, long since

   Synonym: ܥܲܕ݂ܠܵܐ (ˁaḏlā)

   ܐܵܢܵܐ ܟܒ݂ܲܪ ܐ݇ܟ݂ܝܼܠܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܡ̣ܢ ܩܲܕ݇ܡ ܐ݇ܬܹܐ ܠܝܼ ܠܲܐܟ݂ܵܐ.

   ānā kḇar ḵīlā ìwen min qam tē lī laˀḵā.

   I already ate before I came here.

2. (preceding a verb in the non-past tense) perhaps, may

   ܟܒ݂ܲܪ ܗܵܘܹܐ ܗܵܕܟ݂ܵܐ ― kḇar hāwē hādḵā ― it may be so

Usage notes

• This is considered a semi-formal term. In most dialects of colloquial Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, speakers simply express the sense of “already” using the indefinite past tense, but maybe use ܟܒ݂ܲܪ (kḇar) to emphasize the earliness of an event or state, or that the action has been completed.

Etymology 2

Root
ܟ ܒ ܪ (k b r)
3 terms

From Aramaic כְּבַר (kəḇar); compare Arabic كَبُرَ (kabura).

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): [kɑːwerː]
• (Urmian) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃɑːvɪrː]

Verb

ܟܵܒ݂ܹܪ • (kāḇēr) (present participle ܟܒ݂ܵܪܵܐ (kḇārā), past participle ܟܒ݂ܝܼܪܵܐ (kḇīrā))

1. (intransitive) to be much/many

   Synonyms: ܣܵܓ݂ܹܐ (sāḡē), ܪܵܒ݂ܹܐ (rāḇē)

Conjugation

Conjugation of ܟܵܒ݂ܹܪ (kāḇēr)

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ܟܒ݂ܝܼܪ ܠܝܼ (kḇīr lī)	ܟܒ݂ܝܼܪ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (kḇīr lūḵ)	ܟܒ݂ܝܼܪ ܠܹܗ (kḇīr lēh)	ܟܒ݂ܝܼܪ ܠܲܢ (kḇīr lan)	ܟܒ݂ܝܼܪ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (kḇīr lāwḵōn)	ܟܒ݂ܝܼܪ ܠܗܘܿܢ (kḇīr lhōn)
	f		ܟܒ݂ܝܼܪ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (kḇīr lāḵ)	ܟܒ݂ܝܼܪ ܠܵܗ̇ (kḇīr lāh)
non-past	m	ܟܵܒ݂ܪܹܢ (kāḇrēn)	ܟܵܒ݂ܪܹܬ (kāḇrēt)	ܟܵܒ݂ܹܪ (kāḇēr)	ܟܵܒ݂ܪܲܚ (kāḇraḥ)	ܟܵܒ݂ܪܝܼܬܘܿܢ (kāḇrītōn)	ܟܵܒ݂ܪܝܼ (kāḇrī)
	f	ܟܵܒ݂ܪܵܢ (kāḇrān)	ܟܵܒ݂ܪܵܬܝ (kāḇrāt)	ܟܵܒ݂ܪܵܐ (kāḇrā)
imperative	m		ܟܒ݂ܘܿܪ (kḇōr)			ܟܒ݂ܘܿܪܘܼܢ (kḇōrūn)
	f		ܟܒ݂ܘܿܪܝ (kḇōr)

Etymology 3

From Biblical Hebrew כְּבָר (kəḇār)

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): [kwar.]
• (Urmian) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃvar.]

Proper noun

ܟܒ݂ܲܪ • (kḇar) f

1. Chebar (A particular river in Mesopotamia)
   • Ezekiel 1:3:

     ܗ݇ܘܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܗܹܡܸܙܡܵܢ ܕܡܵܪܝܵܐ ܥܲܠ ܚܲܙܩܝܼܐܹܝܠ ܒܲܪ ܒܘܿܙܝܼ ܟܵܗܢܵܐ، ܒܐܲܪܥܵܐ ܕܟܲܠܕܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܥܲܠ ܢܲܗܪܵܐ ܟܒ݂ܲܪ. ܘܗ݇ܘܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܥܲܠܘܼܗܝ ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ ܕܡܵܪܝܵܐ ܬܲܡܵܐ.

     wē lēh hēmizmān d-māryā ˁal ḥazqīˀēl bar bōzī kāhnā, b-arˁā d-kaldāyē ˁal nahrā kḇar. w-wē lēh ˁalūh īḏā d-māryā tammā.

     The word of the Lord came expressly unto Ezekiel the priest, the son of Buzi, in the land of the Chaldeans by the river Chebar; and the hand of the Lord was upon him there.

   • Ezekiel 3:15:

     ܘܐ݇ܬ݂ܹܐ ܠܝܼ ܠܫܒ݂ܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ ܠܬܸܠ ܐܲܒ݂ܝܼܒ݂ ܕܝܬܝܼܒ݂ ܠܝܼ ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܕܐܵܢܝܼ ܝܬܝܼܒ݂ ܠܗܘܿܢ ܥܲܠ ܢܲܗܪܵܐ ܟܒ݂ܲܪ؛ ܘܝܬܝܼܒ݂ ܠܝܼ ܬܲܡܵܐ ܫܲܒ݂ܥܵܐ ܝܵܘܡܵܢܹ̈ܐ ܕܡܝܼܪܹ̈ܐ ܓܵܘܗܘܿܢ.

     w-ṯē lī l-šḇīṯā l-til aḇīḇ d-ytīḇ lī aykā d-ānī tīḇ lhōn ˁal nahrā kḇar; w-ytīḇ lī tammā šaḇˁā yāwmānē dmīrē gāwhōn.

     Then I came to the captives at Tel Abib, who dwelt by the River Chebar; and I sat where they sat, and remained there astonished among them seven days.