должен
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Macedonian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dъlžьnъ. Cognate with Bulgarian длъ́жен (dlǎ́žen) and Russian до́лжен (dólžen).
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
должен • (dolžen) (not comparable, abstract noun должност)
Declension[edit]
Declension of должен
Russian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- до́лженъ (dólžen) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology[edit]
Inherited from Old East Slavic дължьнъ (dŭlžĭnŭ, “obligated”), from Proto-Slavic *dъlžьnъ. Compare with долг (dolg), and cognate with Bulgarian длъ́жен (dlǎ́žen) and Macedonian до́лжен (dólžen).
Pronunciation[edit]
Predicative[edit]
до́лжен • (dólžen)
- Used to express indebtedness. Usually translated as the verb "to owe", with the person indebted to in dative case and the thing owed in accusative case.
- (with a verb) Used to express obligation or suggestion. Usually translated as "must", "have to", "should" or "supposed to".
- Synonyms: (partial) вы́нужден (výnužden), на́до (nádo), необходи́мо (neobxodímo), ну́жно (núžno), обя́зан (objázan), (partial) прихо́дится (prixóditsja), сле́дует (slédujet), (partial) сто́ит (stóit)
- Слу́жащие должны́ во́время явля́ться на рабо́ту. ― Slúžaščije dolžný vóvremja javljátʹsja na rabótu. ― Employees must report to work on time.
- (with a verb) Used to express likelihood. Usually translated as "should".
- Synonyms: вероя́тно (verojátno), наве́рное (navérnoje), наверняка́ (navernjaká), скоре́е всего́ (skoréje vsevó)
- Затме́ние должно́ наступи́ть в три часа́. ― Zatménije dolžnó nastupítʹ v tri časá. ― The eclipse should occur at three o'clock.
- (with a verb) supposed, meant (to) (used to indicate an intention)
- Э́то должно́ бы́ло быть шу́ткой. ― Éto dolžnó býlo bytʹ šútkoj. ― That was supposed to be a joke.
- Она́ должна́ была́ прийти́ ещё вчера́. ― Oná dolžná bylá prijtí ješčó včerá. ― She was meant to come yesterday.
- Подожди́те, он до́лжен верну́ться к обе́ду. ― Podoždíte, on dólžen vernútʹsja k obédu. ― Wait, he's supposed to be back by lunch.
Declension[edit]
Related terms[edit]
- до́лжность (dólžnostʹ), должни́к (dolžník), долг (dolg)
- до́лжный (dólžnyj)
- должо́н (dolžón)
- долженствова́ть (dolženstvovátʹ)
Derived terms[edit]
- должно́ быть (dolžnó bytʹ)
Categories:
- Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian 2-syllable words
- Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Macedonian paroxytone terms
- Macedonian lemmas
- Macedonian adjectives
- Macedonian adjectives with a fleeting е
- Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian 2-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian terms with audio links
- Russian lemmas
- Russian adjectives
- Russian terms with usage examples
- Russian hard-stem stem-stressed adjectives
- Russian adjectives with short forms
- Russian adjectives with short accent pattern b
- Russian adjectives with reducible short stem
- Russian adjectives with irregular short masculine singular
- Russian short-form-only adjectives