лия

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *liti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlijɐ]

Verb

ли́я • (líja) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective ли́на)

1. Nonstandard form of ле́я (léja, “to pour liquid”).

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ли́я (conjugation 1.7, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	ли́ещ líešt	лил lil	ли́ел líel	лит lit		ли́ейки líejki
	definite subject form	ли́ещият líeštijat	ли́лият lílijat	—	ли́тият lítijat
	definite object form	ли́ещия líeštija	ли́лия lílija	—	ли́тия lítija
feminine	indefinite	ли́еща líešta	ли́ла líla	ли́ела líela	ли́та líta
	definite	ли́ещата líeštata	ли́лата lílata	—	ли́тата lítata
neuter	indefinite	ли́ещо líešto	ли́ло lílo	ли́ело líelo	ли́то líto	ли́ене líene
	definite	ли́ещото líeštoto	ли́лото líloto	—	ли́тото lítoto	ли́енето líeneto
plural	indefinite	ли́ещи líešti	ли́ли líli	ли́ели líeli	ли́ти líti	ли́ения, ли́енета líenija, líeneta
	definite	ли́ещите líeštite	ли́лите lílite	—	ли́тите lítite	ли́енията, ли́енетата líenijata, líenetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		ли́я líja	ли́еш líeš	ли́е líe	ли́ем líem	ли́ете líete	ли́ят líjat
imperfect		ли́ех líeh	ли́еше líeše	ли́еше líeše	ли́ехме líehme	ли́ехте líehte	ли́еха líeha
aorist		лих lih	ли li	ли li	ли́хме líhme	ли́хте líhte	ли́ха líha
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ли́ел m, ли́ела f, ли́ело n, or ли́ели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ли́ел m, ли́ела f, ли́ело n, or ли́ели pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and ли́ел m, ли́ела f, ли́ело n, or ли́ели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and лил m, ли́ла f, ли́ло n, or ли́ли pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			лий lij			ли́йте líjte

Derived terms

• ли́вам (lívam) (semelfactive)
• лит (lit, “slim, slender”) (rare)
  • лита́н (litán, “thin fabric”) (dialectal)

References

• Nayden Gerov (1899) “ли́ѭ, -ешь; лилъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 18
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “лия”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 446

Erzya

Etymology

See Moksha лия (ľija).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lʲija/

Adjective

лия • (ľija)

1. other, another, else

   Тейтересь лия велень.

   Ťejťeŕeś ľija veľeń.

   The girl is from another village.

References

• B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “лия”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN

Moksha

Etymology

From Proto-Mordvinic *lijä, possibly from Pre-Mordvinic *lika~*līka, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (compare Latvian lieks (“too much, extra, unnecessary”), Lithuanian liẽkas (“odd, extra, too much”)). Despite the similarity between the Mordvinic word and Finnish liika (“too much; odd”) with cognates in all other Finnic languages, the etymological dictionaries have not considered the Finnic and Mordvinic words as etymological cognates.

Veršinin considers this term evidently connected with иля (iľa, “other, different”), the latter being the original form, the root и- (i-) is of the same origin as исень (iśeń, “of yesterday [adjective]”) and ичкозе (ičkoźe, “far”), э- (e-) in Erzya эзк (ezk, “close, next to”), эське (eśke, “last time”), he compares -э- (-e-) in Tundra Nenets [script needed] (ŋeli, “other, different”), [script needed] (ŋelimź, “to become different”), Udmurt иськан (iśkan, “close female friend, close relative”) and Eastern Mari (в)е- ((v)je-) in вес(е) (ves(je), “other”) (where в- (v-) might be a secondary development.) In relation to the last ones, he also compares Proto-Turkic [Term?] (eš, “friend”).

In the Erzya word иля (iľa, “don't [imperative of negation verb]”) Veršinin sees shifting of meaning from "that (one)" → "not (that one)," where the и- (i-) originally has been a demonstrative component, the same as in the Moksha term.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lʲiˈjæ/

Determiner

лия́ • (ľijá)

1. other, another, else
   • O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN

     лиянь

     ľijań

     other [object]

     лиянди

     ľijanďi

     to another [dative]

     Аф, тинь монь шорямасть лия́нь мархта.

     Af, ťiń moń šoŕamasť ľijáń marhta.

     No, you confused me with another (person)/someone else.

     Эняльдян, азость (азк) лия́кс!

     Eńaľďan, azosť (azk) ľijáks !

     Please (I ask you), say [pl.] ([sg.]) (it) differently (~ paraphrase it)!

     Минь ошсонк электрола́мповай, механи́ческяй (..) заво́тт и лия́т.

     Miń ošsonk eľektrolámpovaj, mehańíčeskäj ( . .) zavótt i ľiját .

     In our town (there are) electrical lamp, mechanical (..) factories and others.

   • B. V. Vśesvätskij, Botańika: SŔEDŃAJ ŠKOLANĎI TONAFŃEMA KŃIGA, 1933

     Лияста стака уленди азомс кулофт или эрект ня видьметне [sic видьмотне?], конашкава аф эряфоннекс синь сембе няевихть.

     Ľijasta staka uľenďi azoms kuloft iľi eŕekt ńa viďmetńe [sic viďmotńe?], konaškava af eŕafonńeks śiń śembe ńajevihť.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

     (..) и аф ётнихть лиятне (..)

     (..) i af jotńihť ľijatńe (..)

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

     Калиень удобрениятне велень хозяйствань тевс лиятнень коряс сувасть сяда меле.

     Kaľijeń udobŕeńijatńe veľeń hoźajstvań ťevs ľijatńeń koŕas suvasť śada meľe.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Declension

Indefinite declension of лия

	singular	plural
nominative	лия (ľija)	лият (ľijat)
genitive	лиянь (ľijań)	—
dative	лиянди (ľijanďi)	—
ablative	лияда (ľijada)	—
inessive	лияса (ľijasa)	—
elative	лияста (ľijasta)	—
illative	лияс (ľijas)	—
prolative	лиява (ľijava)	—
comparative	лияшка (ľijaška)	—
translative	лиякс (ľijaks)	—
abessive	лияфтома (ľijaftoma)	—
causative	лиянкса (ľijanksa)	—

Definite declension of лия

	singular	plural
nominative	лиясь (ľijaś)	лиятне (ľijatńe)
genitive	лиять (ľijať)	лиятнень (ľijatńeń)
dative	лияти (ľijaťi)	лиятненди (ľijatńenďi)