обида

Bulgarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [oˈbidɐ]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *obvida, most likely synchronically representing an action/result noun of об- (ob-) +‎ ви́дя (vídja, “to see”) +‎ -а (-a, abstraction suffix) (cf. Old Church Slavonic обидѣти (obiděti, “to disrespect”)). Meaning probably developed via semantic shift “overlooking, watching in another direction” → “disrespect” → “unfair attitude, insult”.

Noun

оби́да • (obída) f (relational adjective оби́ден)

1. offence, insult, slander (scornful remark or attitude)

   Synonyms: ху́ла (húla), напа́дка (napádka)

2. feeling of resentment, indignation (from being insulted)

   Synonym: оскърбле́ние (oskǎrblénie)

Declension

Declension of оби́да

	singular	plural
indefinite	оби́да obída	оби́ди obídi
definite	оби́дата obídata	оби́дите obídite

Derived terms

• оби́дя pf (obídja), оби́ждам impf (obíždam, “to insult”)
• обидчи́в (obidčív, “easily offended”)

Related terms

• зави́дя (zavídja)
  • за́вист (závist, “envy”)
• ненави́дя (nenavídja)
  • нена́вист (nenávist, “detest, despise”)
• сви́дя се (svídja se)
  • сви́дост (svídost, “stinginess, holding [smth] dearly”)

References

• “обида”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “обида”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “обида¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 741
• обида in Исторически речник на Българския език, Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"

Etymology 2

From об- (ob-) +‎ и́да (ída, “to come”) (cf. Old Church Slavonic обити (obiti, “to go around”)).

Verb

оби́да • (obída) first-singular present indicative, pf (imperfective оби́ждам or оби́двам) (dialectal)

1. (transitive) to visit around, to come by, to circumfer

   възнамеря́вам да оби́да ... ― vǎznamerjávam da obída ... ― to intend to visit around / take a tour over ...

2. (by extension) to come across, to stumble upon, to encounter (while going around)

   Synonyms: наобиколя́ (naobikoljá), спохо́дя (spohódja)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of оби́да (conjugation 1.1, irregular, perfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	—	оби́шъл, обишъ́л, оби́шел1 obíšǎl, obišǎ́l, obíšel1	оби́дел obídel	—		—
	definite subject form	—	оби́шлият, обишли́ят obíšlijat, obišlíjat	—	—
	definite object form	—	оби́шлия, обишли́я obíšlija, obišlíja	—	—
feminine	indefinite	—	оби́шла, обишла́ obíšla, obišlá	оби́дела obídela	—
	definite	—	оби́шлата, обишла́та obíšlata, obišláta	—	—
neuter	indefinite	—	оби́шло, обишло́ obíšlo, obišló	оби́дело obídelo	—	—
	definite	—	оби́шлото, обишло́то obíšloto, obišlóto	—	—	—
plural	indefinite	—	оби́шли, обишли́ obíšli, obišlí	оби́дели obídeli	—	—
	definite	—	оби́шлите, обишли́те obíšlite, obišlíte	—	—	—

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		оби́да obída	оби́деш obídeš	оби́де obíde	оби́дем obídem	оби́дете obídete	оби́дат obídat
imperfect		оби́дех obídeh	оби́деше obídeše	оби́деше obídeše	оби́дехме obídehme	оби́дехте obídehte	оби́деха obídeha
aorist		оби́дох obídoh	оби́де obíde	оби́де obíde	оби́дохме obídohme	оби́дохте obídohte	оби́доха obídoha
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and оби́дел m, оби́дела f, оби́дело n, or оби́дели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and оби́дел m, оби́дела f, оби́дело n, or оби́дели pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and оби́дел m, оби́дела f, оби́дело n, or оби́дели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and оби́шъл/обишъ́л/оби́шел1 m, оби́шла/обишла́ f, оби́шло/обишло́ n, or оби́шли/обишли́ pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			обиди́ obidí			обиде́те obidéte

¹Dialectal.

References

• “обиждам², обида (диал.)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “обиждам², обидя, обида (диал.)”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 742
• обити in Исторически речник на Българския език, Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"

Old Church Slavonic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *obvida, from *obviděti, from *ob- + *viděti.

Noun

обида • (obida) f

1. offence, insult, injustice
   • from Codex Marianus, 3062800:

     Благословите клънѫщѧѩ вꙑ · молите сѧ за творѧштѧѩ вамъ обидѫ ·

     Blagoslovite klŭnǫštęję vy · molite sę za tvoręštęję vamŭ obidǫ ·

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. resentment (feeling); grudges

Declension

Declension of обида (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	обида obida	обидѣ obidě	обидꙑ obidy
genitive	обидꙑ obidy	обидоу obidu	обидъ obidŭ
dative	обидѣ obidě	обидама obidama	обидамъ obidamŭ
accusative	обидѫ obidǫ	обидѣ obidě	обидꙑ obidy
instrumental	обидоѭ obidojǫ	обидама obidama	обидами obidami
locative	обидѣ obidě	обидоу obidu	обидахъ obidaxŭ
vocative	обидо obido	обидѣ obidě	обидꙑ obidy

Derived terms

• обидьливъ (obidĭlivŭ)
• обидьливьство (obidĭlivĭstvo)
• обидѣние (obiděnie)
• обидѣти (obiděti)
• прѣобидѣние (prěobiděnie)
• прѣобидѣти (prěobiděti)
• оуобидѣти (uobiděti)

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *obvida, from *obviděti, from *ob- + *viděti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɐˈbʲidə]

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

оби́да • (obída) f inan (genitive оби́ды, nominative plural оби́ды, genitive plural оби́д)

1. resentment (feeling), offense; grudges

   без оби́д ― bez obíd ― no offense

2. hurt, grievance

Declension

Declension of оби́да (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	оби́да obída	оби́ды obídy
genitive	оби́ды obídy	оби́д obíd
dative	оби́де obíde	оби́дам obídam
accusative	оби́ду obídu	оби́ды obídy
instrumental	оби́дой, оби́дою obídoj, obídoju	оби́дами obídami
prepositional	оби́де obíde	оби́дах obídax