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U+4EA2, 亢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EA2

[U+4EA1]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4EA3]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 8, +2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹弓 (YHN), four-corner 00217, composition )

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №399

Derived characters

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Further reading

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Chinese Wikisource has digitized text of the Kangxi Dictionary entry for :
[[wikisource:zh:康熙字典/亠部/二畫#亢|亠部/二畫]]

Wikisource


  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 88, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 288
  • Dae Jaweon: page 185, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 280, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4EA2

Chinese

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simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (29)
Final () (101)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter khangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰaŋH/
Li
Rong
/kʰɑŋH/
Wang
Li
/kʰɑŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
kàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hong3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 7367
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰaːŋs/

Definitions

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  1. high; arrogant; haughty
      ―  gāokàng  ―  (of sound) loud and sonorous; excited; high spirits; (of appearance) haughty
    不卑不  ―  bùbēibùkàng  ―  neither obsequious nor supercilious
  2. firm; resolute
      ―  kàngzhí  ―  upright and outspoken
  3. dry; arid; drought
      ―  kànghàn  ―  severe drought
  4. extreme; too much
  5. exceed; excessive
  6. ridge of a roof
  7. (~宿) (Chinese astronomy) Neck (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)
  8. a surname

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation 1

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (28)
Final () (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter kang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/kɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/kɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kaŋ/
Li
Rong
/kɑŋ/
Wang
Li
/kɑŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
gāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gong1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
gāng
Middle
Chinese
‹ kang ›
Old
Chinese
/*k-ŋˁaŋ/
English lift high

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 7357
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kaːŋ/
Definitions
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  1. neck
    alt. forms: (hāng),
  2. throat
    alt. forms: (hāng),

Pronunciation 2

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Definitions
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  1. Variant pronunciation of sense “neck” above.
  2. Variant pronunciation of sense “throat” above.
    alt. forms:
  3. carotid artery
  4. footprint, mark, trace
    alt. forms: (háng)

Compounds

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References

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  • 諸橋轍次 (Morohashi Tetsuji), chief ed. 大漢和辞典 (Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, “Comprehensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary”). 13 vols. 1955–1960. Revised and enlarged ed. 1984–1986. Tokyo: Taishukan.

Japanese

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Kanji

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(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • On (unclassified): こう ()
  • Kun: たかぶる (takaburu, 亢る)

Korean

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Hanja

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(eum (hang))

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: cang, khảng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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