囹圄

Chinese

		prison	imprison
trad. (囹圄)		囹	圄
simp. #(囹圄)		囹	圄
alternative forms		囹圉

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): língyǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄩˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ling⁴ jyu⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: língyǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄩˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: língyǔ
    • Wade–Giles: ling²-yü³
    • Yale: líng-yǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lingyeu
    • Palladius: линъюй (linʺjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ³⁵ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 囹圄 靈雨／灵雨 陵雨

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ling⁴ jyu⁵
    • Yale: lìhng yúh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ling⁴ jy⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: ling⁴ yu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ²¹ jyː¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: leng ngjoX

Rime
Character	囹	圄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	青 (125)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	郎丁切	魚巨切
Baxter	leng	ngjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/leŋ/	/ŋɨʌX/
Pan Wuyun	/leŋ/	/ŋiɔX/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛŋ/	/ŋiɔX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛjŋ/	/ŋɨə̆X/
Li Rong	/leŋ/	/ŋiɔX/
Wang Li	/lieŋ/	/ŋĭoX/
Bernard Karlgren	/lieŋ/	/ŋi̯woX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	líng	yǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ling4	jyu5

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*reːŋ  ŋaʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	圄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjoX ›
Old Chinese	/*m-qʰ<r>aʔ/
English	prison
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	囹	圄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	8289	13160
Phonetic component	令	五
Rime group	耕	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	靈	語
Old Chinese	/*reːŋ/	/*ŋaʔ/

Noun

囹圄

1. (literary) prison; jail

Synonyms

• 大牢 (dàláo) (archaic)
• 清室 (qīngshì) (archaic)
• 牢 (láo)
• 牢房 (láofáng)
• 牢獄／牢狱 (láoyù)
• 班房 (bānfáng) (colloquial)
• 監房／监房 (jiānfáng)
• 監牢／监牢 (jiānláo)
• 監獄／监狱 (jiānyù)
• 鐵屋／铁屋 (tiěwū) (literary, figurative)

 

Derived terms

• 囹圄充積／囹圄充积
• 囹圄生草
• 囹圄空虛／囹圄空虚
• 草滿囹圄／草满囹圄
• 身陷囹圄 (shēnxiànlíngyǔ)
• 陷身囹圄

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (囹圄):

• → Japanese: 囹(れい)圄(ぎょ) (reigyo); 囹(れい)圄(ご) (reigo)
• → Korean: 영어(囹圄) (yeong'eo)
• → Vietnamese: linh ngữ (囹圄), linh ngự (囹圄)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
囹	圄
れい Hyōgaiji	ぎょ Hyōgaiji
kan’on

Alternative spelling
囹圉

Kanji in this term
囹	圄
れい Hyōgaiji	ご Hyōgaiji
kan’on	goon

Alternative spelling
囹圉

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 囹圄 (MC leng ngjoX).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) れ​ーぎょ [réꜜègyò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• (Tokyo) れ​ーご [réꜜègò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɾe̞ːɡʲo̞]
• IPA^(key): [ɾe̞ːɡo̞]

Noun

囹(れい)圄(ぎょ) or 囹(れい)圄(ご) • (reigyo or reigo) 

1. prison

Synonyms

• 監(かん)獄(ごく) (kangoku), 牢(ろう)屋(や) (rōya), 牢(ろう) (rō)

Korean

Hanja in this term
囹	圄

Noun

囹圄 • (yeong'eo) (hangeul 영어)

1. Hanja form^? of 영어 (“prison”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
囹	圄

Noun

囹圄

1. chữ Hán form of linh ngữ (“prison”).