土圭

Chinese

		earth; dust; rural earth; dust; rural; uncouth; uncultured; plebeian	jade tablet
simp. and trad. (土圭)		土	圭

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tǔguī

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄟ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tǔguī
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄟ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tǔguei
    • Wade–Giles: tʻu³-kuei¹
    • Yale: tǔ-gwēi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuuguei
    • Palladius: тугуй (tuguj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: thuX kwej

Rime
Character	土	圭
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	齊 (40)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	IV
Fanqie	他魯切	古攜切
Baxter	thuX	kwej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuoX/	/kwei/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuoX/	/kʷei/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰoX/	/kuɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɔX/	/kwɛj/
Li Rong	/tʰoX/	/kuei/
Wang Li	/tʰuX/	/kiwei/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰuoX/	/kiwei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tǔ	guī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tou2	gwai1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰˤaʔ  [k]ʷˤe/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰaːʔ  kʷeː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	土	圭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tǔ	guī
Middle Chinese	‹ thuX ›	‹ kwej ›
Old Chinese	/*tʰˁaʔ/	/*[k]ʷˁe/
English	earth	jade scepter
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	土	圭
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	12499	4569
Phonetic component	土	圭
Rime group	魚	支
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	土	圭
Old Chinese	/*l̥ʰaːʔ/	/*kʷeː/

Noun

土圭

1. (historical) a type of sundial used in the Zhou dynasty

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (土圭):

• → Japanese: 時計(とけい) (tokei)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
土	圭
と Grade: 1	けい Jinmeiyō
kan’on

For pronunciation and definitions of 土圭 – see the following entry.

【時計とけい】 [noun] a clock, a watch, a timepiece, a timekeeper

(This term, 土圭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)