言う

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Japanese [edit]

Kanji in this term

Etymology [edit]

ipu > iɸu > *iwu > iu. Medial /h/ regularly changed from [p] > [ɸ] > [w]. Japanese never distinguished between /wu/ and /u/, so it automatically becomes [u]. The /w/ only surfaces in negative form: iwanai, where the phoneme /wa/ exists. Surface forms /iwimasu/ and /iwemasu/ automatically become [iimasu] and [iemasu] since Japanese no longer distinguishes /wi, we/ from /i, e/. Possibly related to Korean (ip) “mouth”.

Alternative forms [edit]

Verb [edit]

言う (godan conjugation, hiragana いう, romaji iu, historical hiragana いふ)

  1. to say, to tell somebody
    • c. 762: Shōsōin Man'yōgana Monjo
      和可夜之奈比乃 可波利爾波 於保末之末須 美奈美乃末知奈流奴乎 宇氣與止 於保止己可都可佐乃比止伊布 之可流可由恵爾 序禮宇氣牟比止良 久流末毛太之米弖 末都利伊禮之米太末布日 與禮良毛伊太佐牟 之可毛己乃波古美於可牟毛 阿夜布可流 可由恵爾 波夜久末可利太末布日之 於保己可ツ可佐奈比氣奈波 比止乃太氣太可比止 □己止波宇氣都流
    • c. 890: Taketori Monogatari (page 7)
      「おのが生さぬ子なれば、心にも従はずなんある」と言ひて、月日過ぐす。
    • 10th century: Ise Monogatari (chapter 6, page 84)
      「あなや」といひけれど、神鳴るさはぎにえ聞かざりけり。
      私が言うようにしなさい。
      わたしがいうようにしなさい。
      Watashi ga iu yō ni shinasai.
      Do as I tell you.
  2. to call, to name to give a name

Derived terms [edit]

Conjugation [edit]

References [edit]