virst

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Latvian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Underlyingly *virt-ti, an iR-vocalization of the zero grade version of Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn; to become”). The original meaning of the verb was "to become" (without any negative connotations.)[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Verb[edit]

virst (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present virstu, virsti, virst, past virtu)

  1. (with iz-) to degenerate, become perverted
Conjugation[edit]
conjugation of virst
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) IMPERATIVE
(pavēles izteiksme)
Present
(tagadne) 		Past
(pagātne) 		Future
(nākotne)
1st pers. sg. es virstu virtu virtīšu —
2nd pers. sg. tu virsti virti virtīsi virsti
3rd pers. sg. viņš, viņa virst virta virtīs lai virst
1st pers. pl. mēs virstam virtām virtīsim virtīsim
2nd pers. pl. jūs virstat virtāt virtīsiet,
virtīsit 		virstiet
3rd pers. pl. viņi, viņas virst virta virtīs lai virst
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present virstot Present Active 1 (Adj.) virstošs
Past esot virtis Present Active 2 (Adv.) virzdams
Future virtīšot Present Active 3 (Adv.) virstot
Imperative lai virstot Present Active 4 (Obj.) virstam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) Past Active virtis
Present virstu Present Passive virstams
Past būtu virtis Past Passive virsts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative (būt) jāvirst Infinitive (nenoteiksme) virst
Conjunctive 1 esot jāvirst Negative Infinitive nevirst
Conjunctive 2 jāvirstot Verbal noun viršana
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Underlyingly *vird-ti. Same origin as Latvian virt (“to bubble, boil”) (verdu, virdu) Lithuanian virti (“to boil”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to boil”), with the infinitive from zero grade and present from full grade.[2]

As the modern izvirst has been relegated to outbursts or eruptions (of a volcano, emotions, etc.) it is practically never used in the present tense, consequently most natives will not know how to conjugate it in present, especially because it shows ablaut, present marker -st- will most likely be used.

Pronunciation[edit]

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Verb[edit]

virst (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present virstu, virsti, virst, past virdu)

  1. (with iz-) to erupt
Conjugation[edit]
conjugation of virst
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) IMPERATIVE
(pavēles izteiksme)
Present
(tagadne) 		Past
(pagātne) 		Future
(nākotne)
1st pers. sg. es virstu virdu virdīšu —
2nd pers. sg. tu virsti virdi virdīsi virsti
3rd pers. sg. viņš, viņa virst virda virdīs lai virst
1st pers. pl. mēs virstam virdām virdīsim virdīsim
2nd pers. pl. jūs virstat virdāt virdīsiet,
virdīsit 		virstiet
3rd pers. pl. viņi, viņas virst virda virdīs lai virst
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present virstot Present Active 1 (Adj.) virstošs
Past esot virdis Present Active 2 (Adv.) virzdams
Future virdīšot Present Active 3 (Adv.) virstot
Imperative lai virstot Present Active 4 (Obj.) virstam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) Past Active virdis
Present virstu Present Passive virstams
Past būtu virdis Past Passive virsts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative (būt) jāvirst Infinitive (nenoteiksme) virst
Conjunctive 1 esot jāvirst Negative Infinitive nevirst
Conjunctive 2 jāvirstot Verbal noun viršana
conjugation of virst
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) IMPERATIVE
(pavēles izteiksme)
Present
(tagadne) 		Past
(pagātne) 		Future
(nākotne)
1st pers. sg. es verdu virdu virdīšu —
2nd pers. sg. tu verd virdi virdīsi verd
3rd pers. sg. viņš, viņa verd virda virdīs lai verd
1st pers. pl. mēs verdam virdām virdīsim virdīsim
2nd pers. pl. jūs verdat virdāt virdīsiet,
virdīsit 		verdiet
3rd pers. pl. viņi, viņas verd virda virdīs lai verd
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present verdot Present Active 1 (Adj.) verdošs
Past esot virdis Present Active 2 (Adv.) virzdams
Future virdīšot Present Active 3 (Adv.) verdot
Imperative lai verdot Present Active 4 (Obj.) verdam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) Past Active virdis
Present virstu Present Passive verdams
Past būtu virdis Past Passive virsts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative (būt) jāverd Infinitive (nenoteiksme) virst
Conjunctive 1 esot jāverd Negative Infinitive nevirst
Conjunctive 2 jāverdot Verbal noun viršana
Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “virst, izvirst”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
  2. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “izvirdums, virt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Yola[edit]

Adjective[edit]

virst

  1. Alternative form of vursth
    • 1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, line 11:
      In durk Ich red virst mee left-vooted shoe."
      In the dark I happened first on my left-footed shoe."

References[edit]

  • Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 129
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