броня

Bulgarian

броня

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian броня́ (bronjá). Displaced native бръня (brǎnja), from Proto-Slavic *brъňa, of Gothic origin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbrɔnʲɐ]

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

бро́ня • (brónja) f (relational adjective броне́ви)

1. armour (UK), armor (US) (protective layer over a body, vehicle, or other object intended to deflect or diffuse damage)

Declension

Declension of бро́ня

	singular	plural
indefinite	бро́ня brónja	бро́ни bróni
definite	бро́нята brónjata	бро́ните brónite

Alternative forms

• бръня (brǎnja) — dialectal
  • ⇒ бръ́нка (brǎ́nka, “metal chip”)

Derived terms

• брони́рам (broníram, “to armor”) (causative-iterative verb)
• броне- (brone-) (in compounds)
  • бронева́к (bronevák, “armoured soldier”)
  • бронежиле́тка (bronežilétka, “bullet-proof vest”)
  • бронено́сец (bronenósec, “armadillo”) (animal)
  • бронетранспортьо́р (bronetransportjór, “armoured fighting vehicle”)

Related terms

• бруст (brust, “breast stroke”) (late German loanword)

References

• “броня”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “броня”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “броня”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 81
• “брънѩ”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2024

Russian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old East Slavic бръня (brŭnja), from Proto-Slavic *brъňa, from Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐍉 (brunjō, “breastplate”), from Proto-Germanic *brunjǭ (“breastplate”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [brɐˈnʲa]

Noun

броня́ • (bronjá) f inan (genitive брони́, nominative plural брони́, genitive plural броне́й, relational adjective бронево́й or бро́нный)

1. (military) armor, armour, armoring, shell

Declension

Declension of броня́ (inan fem-form soft-stem accent-b) 

	singular	plural
nominative	броня́ bronjá	брони́ broní
genitive	брони́ broní	броне́й bronéj
dative	броне́ broné	броня́м bronjám
accusative	броню́ bronjú	брони́ broní
instrumental	бронёй, бронёю bronjój, bronjóju	броня́ми bronjámi
prepositional	броне́ broné	броня́х bronjáx

Pre-reform declension of броня́ (inan fem-form soft-stem accent-b) 

	singular	plural
nominative	броня́ bronjá	брони́ broní
genitive	брони́ broní	броне́й bronéj
dative	бронѣ́ broně́	броня́мъ bronjám
accusative	броню́ bronjú	брони́ broní
instrumental	бронёй, бронёю bronjój, bronjóju	броня́ми bronjámi
prepositional	бронѣ́ broně́	броня́хъ bronjáx

Related terms

• бронево́й (bronevój), брониро́ванный (broniróvannyj), бронебо́йный (bronebójnyj)
• бронирова́ть impf or pf (bronirovátʹ)
• броневи́к m (bronevík), бронеавтомоби́ль m (broneavtomobílʹ), бронетранспротёр m (bronetransprotjór), бронежиле́т m (bronežilét)

Etymology 2

Developed from the sense of “armor” during the Soviet period. Sense development was from “armor” → “securing” → “reservation”.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbronʲə]

Noun

бро́ня • (brónja) f inan (genitive бро́ни, nominative plural бро́ни, genitive plural бронь)

1. reservation, booking

   Synonyms: резерви́рование n (rezervírovanije), бронь f (bronʹ)

2. a secured essential worker job providing deferment from conscription

Declension

Declension of бро́ня (inan fem-form soft-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	бро́ня brónja	бро́ни bróni
genitive	бро́ни bróni	бро́нь brónʹ
dative	бро́не bróne	бро́ням brónjam
accusative	бро́ню brónju	бро́ни bróni
instrumental	бро́ней, бро́нею brónej, bróneju	бро́нями brónjami
prepositional	бро́не bróne	бро́нях brónjax

Pre-reform declension of бро́ня (inan fem-form soft-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	бро́ня brónja	бро́ни bróni
genitive	бро́ни bróni	бро́нь brónʹ
dative	бро́нѣ bróně	бро́нямъ brónjam
accusative	бро́ню brónju	бро́ни bróni
instrumental	бро́ней, бро́нею brónej, bróneju	бро́нями brónjami
prepositional	бро́нѣ bróně	бро́няхъ brónjax

Related terms

• брони́ровать impf (bronírovatʹ), заброни́ровать pf (zabronírovatʹ)

Ukrainian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old East Slavic брънꙗ (brŭnja), from Proto-Slavic *brъňa, from Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐍉 (brunjō, “breastplate”), from Proto-Germanic *brunjǭ (“breastplate”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [brɔˈnʲa]

Noun

броня́ • (bronjá) f inan (genitive броні́, uncountable)

1. (military) armor, armour, armoring
2. (military, collective or in the singular) armored vehicle, armored car
3. shell (of animals)
4. (dated, poetic) arms, weapons

Declension

Declension of броня́ (inan sg-only soft fem-form accent-d)

	singular
nominative	броня́ bronjá
genitive	броні́ broní
dative	броні́ broní
accusative	броню́ bronjú
instrumental	броне́ю bronéju
locative	броні́ broní
vocative	броне́ broné

Derived terms

• бронюва́ти impf (bronjuváty), забронюва́ти pf (zabronjuváty)
• броньови́к m (bronʹovýk), бронеавтомобі́ль m (broneavtomobílʹ), бронетранспроте́р m (bronetransprotér), бронежиле́т m (bronežylét)
• бронепо́тяг m (bronepótjah), бронепо́їзд m (bronepójizd), бронека́тер m (bronekáter), бронемашин́а f (bronemašyńa)
• бронено́сець m (bronenósecʹ)
• бронета́нковий (bronetánkovyj)

Etymology 2

Same as etymology 1, the meanings derive from Russian бро́ня (brónja, “reservation”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbrɔnʲɐ]

Noun

бро́ня • (brónja) f inan (genitive бро́ні, nominative plural бро́ні, genitive plural бронь)

1. reservation, booking
2. deferment (from conscription)

Declension

Declension of бро́ня (inan soft fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	бро́ня brónja	бро́ні bróni
genitive	бро́ні bróni	бронь bronʹ
dative	бро́ні bróni	бро́ням brónjam
accusative	бро́ню brónju	бро́ні bróni
instrumental	бро́нею bróneju	бро́нями brónjamy
locative	бро́ні bróni	бро́нях brónjax
vocative	бро́не bróne	бро́ні bróni

Related terms

• бронюва́ти impf (bronjuváty), забронюва́ти pf (zabronjuváty)

Further reading

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “броня”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “броня”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
• “броня”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
• “броня”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)