のむ

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Japanese

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Alternative spellings
飲む
呑む
喫む (uncommon)

Etymology

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From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *nəmu.

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「飲む
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
飲む [nóꜜmù]
Imperative (命令形) 飲め [nóꜜmè]
Key constructions
Passive 飲まれる まれ [nòmáréꜜrù]
Causative 飲ませる ませ [nòmáséꜜrù]
Potential 飲める [nòméꜜrù]
Volitional 飲もう [nòmóꜜò]
Negative 飲まない ない [nòmáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 飲まなかった なかった [nòmáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 飲みます みま [nòmímáꜜsù]
Perfective 飲んだ んだ [nóꜜǹdà]
Conjunctive 飲んで んで [nóꜜǹdè]
Hypothetical conditional 飲めば めば [nóꜜmèbà]

Verb

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のむ (nomutransitive godan (stem のみ (nomi), past のんだ (nonda))

  1. 飲む, 呑む:[note 1] to drink, to gulp, to swallow; to eat (soup)
    (わたし)たちさじスープ()
    Watashitachi wa saji de sūpu o nomu.
    We eat soup with a spoon.
    (わたし)ミルク()いた
    Watashi wa miruku o nondeita.
    I was drinking milk.
  2. 飲む, 喫む:[note 1] (smoking) to smoke tobacco
    Synonym: すう (suu, literally to suck)
  3. 飲む: to overwhelm, to engulf
  4. 飲む: to suppress, to keep down
  5. 飲む, 呑む: to take (medicine)
    (くすり)()
    kusuri o nomu
    to take medicine
  6. 飲む, 呑む: to accept something like a demand or a condition

Usage notes

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  1. 1.0 1.1 narrowly refers to drinking, while narrowly refers to swallowing. is usually restricted to smoking.

Conjugation

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Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ 飲・呑”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, Nationwide Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN