愁
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]愁 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹火心 (HFP), four-corner 29338, composition ⿱秋心)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 393, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10885
- Dae Jaweon: page 729, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2322, character 8
- Unihan data for U+6101
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 愁 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 愁 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *zrɯw) : phonetic 秋 (OC *sʰɯw) + semantic 心 (“heart”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cou2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ceu2
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): cou1
- Northern Min (KCR): chě
- Eastern Min (BUC): chèu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zeu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): cou2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄡˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chóu
- Wade–Giles: chʻou2
- Yale: chóu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chour
- Palladius: чоу (čou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: cou2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cou
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰəu²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sau4
- Yale: sàuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: sau4
- Guangdong Romanization: seo4
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐu̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: seu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /seu²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ceu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛu²⁴/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sèu
- Hakka Romanization System: seuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: seu2
- Sinological IPA: /seu̯¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: cou1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰəu¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chě
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰe²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chèu
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛu⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- chhiû - vernacular;
- chhô͘ - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 愁 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰou³⁵/ |
Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰou²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡sʰou⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰou⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂʰou⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰou⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡sʰou²⁴/ | |
Xining | /t͡sʰɯ²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡sʰəu⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰou⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡sʰɤu⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡sʰəu²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡sʰəu³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡sʰəu²¹/ | |
Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰəu³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡sʰəɯ²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰəu¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /səu¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡sʰəu³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /zɤ²³/ |
Suzhou | /zɤ¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /d͡zei²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /zau³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰiu⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡səu¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /d͡zəɯ¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰɛu²⁴/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /seu¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /seu¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐu²¹/ |
Nanning | /t͡sʰɐu²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /sɐu²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sʰɔ³⁵/ /t͡sʰiu³⁵/ 俗 |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰɛu⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰe²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰou⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /sɔu³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: dzrjuw
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]riw/
- (Zhengzhang): /*zrɯw/
Definitions
[edit]愁
Synonyms
[edit]- (to worry):
- 怕
- 急 (jí)
- 急眼 (jíyǎn) (colloquial)
- 恐怕 (kǒngpà)
- 患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
- 憂心/忧心 (yōuxīn)
- 憂慮/忧虑 (yōulǜ)
- 懸心/悬心 (xuánxīn)
- 掛心/挂心 (guàxīn)
- 掛礙/挂碍 (guà'ài)
- 揪心 (jiūxīn)
- 擔心/担心 (dānxīn)
- 擔憂/担忧 (dānyōu)
- 燒心/烧心 (shāoxīn) (regional or dated)
- 犯愁 (fànchóu)
- 疑慮/疑虑 (yílǜ)
- 發急/发急 (fājí)
- 發愁/发愁 (fāchóu)
- 發極/发极 (7faq 8jiq) (Wu)
- 著急/着急 (zháojí)
- 起急 (qǐjí) (colloquial)
- 顧慮/顾虑 (gùlǜ)
Compounds
[edit]- 不愁 (bùchóu)
- 不用愁
- 今愁古恨
- 借酒澆愁/借酒浇愁 (jièjiǔjiāochóu)
- 千愁萬恨/千愁万恨
- 千愁萬慮/千愁万虑
- 千愁萬緒/千愁万绪
- 哀愁 (āichóu)
- 四愁詩/四愁诗
- 坐困愁城
- 多愁善感 (duōchóushàngǎn)
- 多愁多病
- 天愁地慘/天愁地惨
- 悲愁 (bēichóu)
- 愁坐
- 愁城
- 愁容 (chóuróng)
- 愁山悶海/愁山闷海
- 愁布袋
- 愁帽
- 愁思 (chóusī)
- 愁悶/愁闷 (chóumèn)
- 愁愁
- 愁懼兼心/愁惧兼心
- 愁戚戚
- 意擾心愁/意扰心愁
- 愁江恨海
- 愁海
- 愁疾
- 愁眉 (chóuméi)
- 愁眉不展 (chóuméibùzhǎn)
- 愁眉淚眼/愁眉泪眼
- 愁眉苦目
- 愁眉苦眼
- 愁眉苦臉/愁眉苦脸 (chóuméikǔliǎn)
- 愁紅慘綠/愁红惨绿
- 愁緒/愁绪 (chóuxù)
- 愁緒如麻/愁绪如麻
- 愁腸/愁肠 (chóucháng)
- 愁腸九轉/愁肠九转
- 愁腸寸斷/愁肠寸断
- 愁腸百結/愁肠百结
- 愁苦 (chóukǔ)
- 愁蹙
- 愁雲/愁云
- 愁雲慘霧/愁云惨雾
- 愁霖
- 愁霧/愁雾
- 愁顏不展/愁颜不展
- 憂愁/忧愁 (yōuchóu)
- 憂愁夫人/忧愁夫人
- 慘綠愁紅/惨绿愁红
- 懷愁/怀愁 (huáichóu)
- 掃愁帚/扫愁帚
- 排愁破涕
- 新愁
- 新愁舊恨/新愁旧恨
- 日坐愁城
- 消愁
- 消愁解悶/消愁解闷
- 消愁釋悶/消愁释闷
- 消愁釋憒/消愁释愦
- 淚眼愁眉/泪眼愁眉
- 滿腹憂愁/满腹忧愁
- 滿面愁容/满面愁容
- 澆愁/浇愁
- 煩愁/烦愁
- 牢愁
- 發愁/发愁 (fāchóu)
- 神愁鬼哭
- 窮愁/穷愁
- 窮愁潦倒/穷愁潦倒
- 篆愁君
- 紅愁綠慘/红愁绿惨
- 綠慘紅愁/绿惨红愁
- 羈愁/羁愁
- 舊恨新愁/旧恨新愁
- 舊愁新恨/旧愁新恨
- 莫愁
- 莫愁湖
- 解愁 (jiěchóu)
- 蹙額愁眉/蹙额愁眉
- 轉愁為喜/转愁为喜
- 遠愁/远愁
- 遠愁近慮/远愁近虑
- 鄉愁/乡愁 (xiāngchóu)
- 酒病花愁
- 閒愁/闲愁
- 離愁/离愁 (líchóu)
- 馬見愁/马见愁
- 鬼見愁/鬼见愁 (guǐjiànchóu)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “愁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]愁
- distress
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: じゅう (jū)
- Kan-on: すう (sū)
- Kan’yō-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)
- Kun: うれい (urei, 愁い, Jōyō); うれえる (ureeru, 愁える, Jōyō)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]愁 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]愁: Hán Nôm readings: sầu, rầu, ràu, xàu, xầu
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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