憨

憨 U+61A8, 憨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61A8 ← 憧 [U+61A7] CJK Unified Ideographs 憩 → [U+61A9]

Translingual

Han character

憨 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一大心 (MKP) or 弓大心 (NKP) or 難一大心 (XMKP) or 難弓大心 (XNKP), four-corner 1833₄, composition ⿱敢心)

Derived characters

• 𠐣, 𥷌, 𤼉

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 403, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11244
• Dae Jaweon: page 743, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2343, character 14
• Unihan data for U+61A8

Chinese

trad.		憨
simp. #		憨

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (敢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
撖	*kʰɯːm, *kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ
澉	*l̥ʰaːms, *klaːmʔ
噉	*l'aːmʔ
敢	*klaːmʔ
橄	*klaːmʔ
瞰	*kʰlaːms
闞	*kʰlaːms, *qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms
憨	*qʰaːm, *qʰlaːms
譀	*qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb
巖	*ŋraːm
礹	*ŋraːm, *ŋamʔ
豃	*qʰraːmʔ
讝	*kjam
玁	*hŋramʔ
嚴	*ŋam
儼	*ŋamʔ
曮	*ŋamʔ
釅	*ŋams

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): hān (han¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): han¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ham¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hâm
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ham

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hān
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: han
    • Wade–Giles: han¹
    • Yale: hān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: han
    • Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: han¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xan⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ham¹
    • Yale: hām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ham¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hâm
    • Hakka Romanization System: ham´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ham¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ham²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ham
    • Tâi-lô: ham
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hafm
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ham³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ham⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: xam, hamH

Rime
Character	憨	憨
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	談 (143)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	呼談切	下瞰切
Baxter	xam	hamH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɑm/	/ɦɑmH/
Pan Wuyun	/hɑm/	/ɦɑmH/
Shao Rongfen	/xɑm/	/ɣɑmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ham/	/ɦamH/
Li Rong	/xɑm/	/ɣɑmH/
Wang Li	/xɑm/	/ɣɑmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/xɑm/	/ɣɑmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hān	hàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham1	ham6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰaːm/, /*qʰlaːms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憨	憨
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	3679	3680
Phonetic component	敢	敢
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	蚶	憨
Old Chinese	/*qʰaːm/	/*qʰlaːms/

Definitions

憨

1. foolish; stupid; silly
2. ^⁜ simple; naive; innocent

   憨厚  ―  hānhòu  ―  simple and honest; straightforward

3. ^† coarse
4. a surname

Compounds

• 半憨子
• 太憨生
• 嬌憨／娇憨 (jiāohān)
• 憨厚 (hānhòu)
• 憨子 (hānzi)
• 憨寢／憨寝
• 憨態／憨态
• 憨憨
• 憨狀可掬／憨状可掬
• 憨皮
• 憨直 (hānzhí)
• 憨笑
• 憨錢／憨钱
• 憨頑／憨顽
• 淘氣憨頑／淘气憨顽
• 獃憨獃
• 老憨
• 裝憨／装憨
• 裝憨打呆／装憨打呆

 

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 憨 – see 戇 (“(Min Nan) stupid”). (This character is a variant form of 戇).

Japanese

Kanji

憨

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. foolish
2. silly
3. coquettish

Readings

• On (unclassified): かん (kan); がん (gan)
• Kun: おろか (oroka)

Korean

Hanja

憨 (eum 감 (gam))

1. stupid
2. silly

Vietnamese

Han character

憨: Hán Nôm readings: hám

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