擦る
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
擦 |
す Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
摩る 磨る 擂る |
From Old Japanese,[1][2][3] from Proto-Japonic *suru. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *suri.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「擦る」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
擦る | する | [súꜜrù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 擦れ | すれ | [súꜜrè] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 擦られる | すられる | [sùráréꜜrù] |
Causative | 擦らせる | すらせる | [sùráséꜜrù] |
Potential | 擦れる | すれる | [sùréꜜrù] |
Volitional | 擦ろう | すろー | [sùróꜜò] |
Negative | 擦らない | すらない | [sùráꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 擦らなかった | すらなかった | [sùráꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 擦ります | すります | [sùrímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 擦った | すった | [súꜜttà] |
Conjunctive | 擦って | すって | [súꜜttè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 擦れば | すれば | [súꜜrèbà] |
Verb
[edit]擦る • (suru) transitive godan (stem 擦り (suri), past 擦った (sutta))
Japanese verb pair | |
---|---|
active | 擦る |
mediopassive | 擦れる |
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "擦る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 擦ら | すら | sura |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 擦り | すり | suri |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 擦る | する | suru |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 擦る | する | suru |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 擦れ | すれ | sure |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 擦れ | すれ | sure |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 擦られる | すられる | surareru |
Causative | 擦らせる 擦らす |
すらせる すらす |
suraseru surasu |
Potential | 擦れる | すれる | sureru |
Volitional | 擦ろう | すろう | surō |
Negative | 擦らない | すらない | suranai |
Negative continuative | 擦らず | すらず | surazu |
Formal | 擦ります | すります | surimasu |
Perfective | 擦った | すった | sutta |
Conjunctive | 擦って | すって | sutte |
Hypothetical conditional | 擦れば | すれば | sureba |
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
擦 |
かす Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
掠る |
Cognate with 掠める (kasumeru, “to rob”) and かすか (kasuka, “faint”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]擦る • (kasuru) transitive godan (stem 擦り (kasuri), past 擦った (kasutta))
Japanese verb pair | |
---|---|
active | 擦る |
mediopassive | 擦れる |
- [from c. 1252-1267] to graze, to touch lightly
- to take a cut (of profits, etc.), to exploit, to extort
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "擦る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 擦ら | かすら | kasura |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 擦り | かすり | kasuri |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 擦る | かする | kasuru |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 擦る | かする | kasuru |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 擦れ | かすれ | kasure |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 擦れ | かすれ | kasure |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 擦られる | かすられる | kasurareru |
Causative | 擦らせる 擦らす |
かすらせる かすらす |
kasuraseru kasurasu |
Potential | 擦れる | かすれる | kasureru |
Volitional | 擦ろう | かすろう | kasurō |
Negative | 擦らない | かすらない | kasuranai |
Negative continuative | 擦らず | かすらず | kasurazu |
Formal | 擦ります | かすります | kasurimasu |
Perfective | 擦った | かすった | kasutta |
Conjunctive | 擦って | かすって | kasutte |
Hypothetical conditional | 擦れば | かすれば | kasureba |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 擦ら | かすら | kasura |
Continuative (連用形) | 擦り | かすり | kasuri |
Terminal (終止形) | 擦る | かする | kasuru |
Attributive (連体形) | 擦る | かする | kasuru |
Realis (已然形) | 擦れ | かすれ | kasure |
Imperative (命令形) | 擦れ | かすれ | kasure |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 擦らず | かすらず | kasurazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 擦れど | かすれど | kasuredo |
Causal conjunction | 擦れば | かすれば | kasureba |
Conditional conjunction | 擦らば | かすらば | kasuraba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 擦りき | かすりき | kasuriki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 擦りけり | かすりけり | kasurikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 擦りつ | かすりつ | kasuritu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 擦りぬ | かすりぬ | kasurinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 擦れり 擦りたり |
かすれり かすりたり |
kasureri kasuritari |
Volitional | 擦らむ | かすらむ | kasuramu |
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
擦 |
こす Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Possibly a compound of こ (ko) + 擦る (suru, “to rub”).[1][4] The ko element might be 粉 (ko, “powder, flour”).[4]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「擦る」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
擦る | こする | [kòsúꜜrù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 擦れ | こすれ | [kòsúꜜrè] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 擦られる | こすられる | [kòsúráréꜜrù] |
Causative | 擦らせる | こすらせる | [kòsúráséꜜrù] |
Potential | 擦れる | こすれる | [kòsúréꜜrù] |
Volitional | 擦ろう | こすろー | [kòsúróꜜò] |
Negative | 擦らない | こすらない | [kòsúráꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 擦らなかった | こすらなかった | [kòsúráꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 擦ります | こすります | [kòsúrímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 擦った | こすった | [kòsúꜜttà] |
Conjunctive | 擦って | こすって | [kòsúꜜttè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 擦れば | こすれば | [kòsúꜜrèbà] |
Verb
[edit]擦る • (kosuru) transitive godan (stem 擦り (kosuri), past 擦った (kosutta))
Japanese verb pair | |
---|---|
active | 擦る |
mediopassive | 擦れる |
Usage notes
[edit]This term is often spelled in hiragana.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "擦る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 擦ら | こすら | kosura |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 擦り | こすり | kosuri |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 擦る | こする | kosuru |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 擦る | こする | kosuru |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 擦れ | こすれ | kosure |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 擦れ | こすれ | kosure |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 擦られる | こすられる | kosurareru |
Causative | 擦らせる 擦らす |
こすらせる こすらす |
kosuraseru kosurasu |
Potential | 擦れる | こすれる | kosureru |
Volitional | 擦ろう | こすろう | kosurō |
Negative | 擦らない | こすらない | kosuranai |
Negative continuative | 擦らず | こすらず | kosurazu |
Formal | 擦ります | こすります | kosurimasu |
Perfective | 擦った | こすった | kosutta |
Conjunctive | 擦って | こすって | kosutte |
Hypothetical conditional | 擦れば | こすれば | kosureba |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 擦ら | こすら | kosura |
Continuative (連用形) | 擦り | こすり | kosuri |
Terminal (終止形) | 擦る | こする | kosuru |
Attributive (連体形) | 擦る | こする | kosuru |
Realis (已然形) | 擦れ | こすれ | kosure |
Imperative (命令形) | 擦れ | こすれ | kosure |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 擦らず | こすらず | kosurazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 擦れど | こすれど | kosuredo |
Causal conjunction | 擦れば | こすれば | kosureba |
Conditional conjunction | 擦らば | こすらば | kosuraba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 擦りき | こすりき | kosuriki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 擦りけり | こすりけり | kosurikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 擦りつ | こすりつ | kosuritu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 擦りぬ | こすりぬ | kosurinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 擦れり 擦りたり |
こすれり こすりたり |
kosureri kosuritari |
Volitional | 擦らむ | こすらむ | kosuramu |
Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
擦 |
なす Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Unknown. A surface analysis suggests a compound with the second element being 擦る (suru, “to rub”).
First cited to a text from circa 1809-1813.[5]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]擦る • (nasuru) transitive godan (stem 擦り (nasuri), past 擦った (nasutta))
- to smear, to rub on to (something), to spread over (something)
- Synonym: 塗る (nuru)
- to lay blame on (someone), to attribute responsibility to (someone)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "擦る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 擦ら | なすら | nasura |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 擦り | なすり | nasuri |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 擦る | なする | nasuru |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 擦る | なする | nasuru |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 擦れ | なすれ | nasure |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 擦れ | なすれ | nasure |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 擦られる | なすられる | nasurareru |
Causative | 擦らせる 擦らす |
なすらせる なすらす |
nasuraseru nasurasu |
Potential | 擦れる | なすれる | nasureru |
Volitional | 擦ろう | なすろう | nasurō |
Negative | 擦らない | なすらない | nasuranai |
Negative continuative | 擦らず | なすらず | nasurazu |
Formal | 擦ります | なすります | nasurimasu |
Perfective | 擦った | なすった | nasutta |
Conjunctive | 擦って | なすって | nasutte |
Hypothetical conditional | 擦れば | なすれば | nasureba |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 擦ら | なすら | nasura |
Continuative (連用形) | 擦り | なすり | nasuri |
Terminal (終止形) | 擦る | なする | nasuru |
Attributive (連体形) | 擦る | なする | nasuru |
Realis (已然形) | 擦れ | なすれ | nasure |
Imperative (命令形) | 擦れ | なすれ | nasure |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 擦らず | なすらず | nasurazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 擦れど | なすれど | nasuredo |
Causal conjunction | 擦れば | なすれば | nasureba |
Conditional conjunction | 擦らば | なすらば | nasuraba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 擦りき | なすりき | nasuriki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 擦りけり | なすりけり | nasurikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 擦りつ | なすりつ | nasuritu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 擦りぬ | なすりぬ | nasurinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 擦れり 擦りたり |
なすれり なすりたり |
nasureri nasuritari |
Volitional | 擦らむ | なすらむ | nasuramu |
Etymology 5
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 擦る – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 擦る, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.) |
Etymology 6
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
擦 |
さす Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 擦る – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 擦る, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Thorpe, Maner Lawton (1983) Ryūkyūan Language History[1], Doctoral dissertation. University of Southern California, page 322
- ^ “擦”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 擦 read as す
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 擦 read as かす
- Japanese terms spelled with 擦 read as こす
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 擦 read as なす
- Japanese terms with unknown etymologies
- Japanese terms with uncommon senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 擦 read as さす