支那
Chinese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zi1 naa4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Chṳ̂-na
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Chi-ná
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tsy-na
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓ ㄋㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Jhihnà
- Wade–Giles: Chih1-na4
- Yale: Jr̄-nà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jynah
- Palladius: Чжина (Čžina)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ nä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zi1 naa4
- Yale: jī nàh
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzi1 naa4
- Guangdong Romanization: ji1 na4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siː⁵⁵ naː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chṳ̂-na
- Hakka Romanization System: ziiˊ na
- Hagfa Pinyim: zi1 na4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ²⁴⁻¹¹ na⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: tsye na
Etymology 1
[edit]phonetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (支那) |
支 | 那 | |
alternative forms | 脂那 至那 芝那 |
From Sanskrit चीन (cīna), which in turn is likely from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin),[1][2] but other theories have been proposed, including derivation from 晉/晋 (jìn, “Jin”) < Middle Chinese 晉 (t͡siɪnH) < Old Chinese 晉 (*ʔsins) (Zhengzhang, 2006), 荊/荆 (jīng, “Jing”),[3] or the Zina of 夜郎 (Yèláng, “Yelang”).[3] Cognate with English China. See "Names of China", "Chinas" and "Shina (word)" at Wikipedia.
Proper noun
[edit]支那
- (originally neutral, now derogatory and offensive) China
- 支那曩者苦滿清虐政,國民共起革專制為共和。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 1914, Sun Yat-sen, 《致日本首相大隈重信勸助中國革命函》
- Zhīnà nǎng zhě kǔ Mǎnqīng nüèzhèng, guómín gòng qǐ gé zhuānzhì wèi gònghé. [Pinyin]
- China suffered from the Manchurian Qing tyranny in the past, and so the people of the nation rose up, overthrew the autocrat and established the republic.
支那曩者苦满清虐政,国民共起革专制为共和。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Usage notes
[edit]- Originally used in ancient Indian records and some Chinese Buddhist texts. This term was popular in China as a neutral word after the Meiji Restoration, but became derogatory and offensive during and after the Second Sino-Japanese War due to its association with Japanese war crimes. Now it is usually only used in some technical terms, such as 印度支那 (Yìndù-Zhīnà, “Indochina”) and 交趾支那 (Jiāozhǐ-Zhīnà, “Cochinchina”), or by Hong Kong and Taiwan independence activists as a deliberate slur for mainland China.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- 震旦 (Zhèndàn)
Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]phonetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (支那) |
支 | 那 |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Proper noun
[edit]支那
References
[edit]- Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922),
“支那” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].
Further reading
[edit]支那 on the Chinese Wikipedia.Wikipedia zh
Shina (word) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
支 | 那 |
し Grade: 5 |
な Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 支那 (MC tsye na), a phonetic transcription of Sanskrit चीन (cīna), itself likely deriving from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin), the name of the Qin Dynasty and the Qin state.
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- (prewar, often considered derogatory, offensive in modern speech, ethnic slur) China
- (offensive, ethnic slur) Ryukyuan people[1]
Usage notes
[edit]The kanji spelling 支那 was more common historically, and is still encountered with some frequency when this word is used. Modern usage includes シナ in katakana. However, this term as a whole is used less frequently than in the past, due to changes in geopolitics and the use of this word as an ethnic slur.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Police officer dispatched from Osaka insults protesters in Okinawa, The Japan Times
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
支 | 那 |
Proper noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
支 | 那 |
Proper noun
[edit]支那
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Middle Chinese proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 支
- Chinese terms spelled with 那
- Chinese terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit
- Chinese terms derived from Old Chinese
- Chinese derogatory terms
- Chinese offensive terms
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- zh:Townships
- zh:Places in Yunnan
- zh:Places in China
- zh:Buddhism
- zh:Derogatory names for countries
- Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese
- Japanese terms spelled with 支 read as し
- Japanese terms spelled with 那 read as な
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Sanskrit
- Japanese terms derived from Old Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
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- Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
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- Japanese ethnic slurs
- ja:China
- ja:Country nicknames
- ja:Derogatory names for countries
- Korean lemmas
- Korean proper nouns
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