痰

痰 U+75F0, 痰 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-75F0 ← 痯 [U+75EF] CJK Unified Ideographs 痱 → [U+75F1]

Translingual

Han character

痰 (Kangxi radical 104, 疒+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大火火 (KFF), four-corner 0018₉, composition ⿸疒炎)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 774, character 32
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22251
• Dae Jaweon: page 1185, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2682, character 10
• Unihan data for U+75F0

Chinese

trad.		痰
simp. #		痰
alternative forms		淡 classical

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (炎) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
倓	*l'oːmʔ, *l'aːm, *l'aːms
緂	*l̥ʰaːm, *l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam
毯	*l̥ʰaːmʔ
菼	*l̥ʰaːmʔ
裧	*l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam, *l̥ʰjams
賧	*l̥ʰaːms
睒	*l̥ʰaːms, *hljamʔ
舕	*l̥ʰaːms
談	*l'aːm
郯	*l'aːm
惔	*l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
錟	*l'aːm
淡	*l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms, *lamʔ
痰	*l'aːm
餤	*l'aːm
啖	*l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
腅	*l'aːms
剡	*ɦljamʔ, *lamʔ
覢	*hljamʔ
掞	*hljams
炎	*ɦlam
琰	*lamʔ
棪	*lamʔ
扊	*lamʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːm) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 炎 (OC *ɦlam).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tán (tan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): taam⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ham³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thàm

  (Meixian, Guangdong): tam²

• Eastern Min (BUC): tàng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thâm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tam⁵

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): tam⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶de

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tán
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tán
    • Wade–Giles: tʻan²
    • Yale: tán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarn
    • Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: taam⁴
    • Yale: tàahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: taam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: tam⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːm²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ham³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ham²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thàm
    • Hakka Romanization System: tamˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tam²
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰam¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: tam²
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰam¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thâm
    • Tâi-lô: thâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: taam
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰam²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰam²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰam¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰam²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰam²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tam⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thâm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰam⁵⁵/
  • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: tam⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰam²²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶de
    • MiniDict: de^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³de
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /de²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: dam

Rime
Character	痰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒甘切
Baxter	dam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑm/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑm/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dam/
Li Rong	/dɑm/
Wang Li	/dɑm/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taam4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	痰
Reading #	1/1
No.	14297
Phonetic component	炎
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	談
Old Chinese	/*l'aːm/

Definitions

痰

1. phlegm; sputum (Classifier: 口 m; 篤／笃 c; 啖 c)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 痰 (“phlegm; sputum”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		痰
Mandarin	Taiwan	痰
	Singapore	痰
Cantonese	Hong Kong	痰
	Taishan	痰
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	痰
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	痰
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	痰
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	痰
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	痰
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	痰
Southern Min	Tainan	痰
	Penang (Hokkien)	痰
	Leizhou	醪瀾
Wu	Shanghai	痰

Compounds

• 中痰
• 化痰 (huàtán)
• 吐痰 (tǔtán)
• 咳痰 (kétán)
• 痰厥
• 痰喘
• 痰桶 (tántǒng)
• 痰氣／痰气
• 痰火
• 痰火擾心／痰火扰心
• 痰熱阻肺／痰热阻肺
• 痰症
• 痰病
• 痰盂 (tányú)
• 痰盒 (tánhé)
• 痰迷心竅／痰迷心窍
• 痰飲／痰饮
• 祛痰 (qūtán)
• 祛痰劑／祛痰剂
• 祛痰潤肺／祛痰润肺

 

Japanese

Kanji

痰

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. phlegm; sputum

Readings

• Go-on: だん (dan)^{←だむ (damu, historical)}
• Kan-on: たん (tan)^{←たむ (tamu, historical)}

Compounds

• 青痰(あおたん) (aotan)
• 喀痰(かくたん) (kakutan)
• 去痰(きょたん) (kyotan), 祛痰(きょたん) (kyotan): expectoration
• 血痰(けったん) (kettan)
• 検痰(けんたん) (kentan)
• 痰火(たんか) (tanka)
• 痰咳(たんがい) (tangai)
• 痰血(たんけつ) (tanketsu)
• 痰咳(たんせき) (tanseki)
• 痰唾(たんつぼ) (tantsubo)
• 痰壺(たんつぼ) (tantsubo)
• 痰吐(たんは)き (tanhaki)
• 痰(たん)を切(き)る (tan o kiru)

Kanji in this term
痰
たん Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 痰 (tán).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) たん [tàń] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) た​ん [táꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [tã̠ɴ]

Noun

痰(たん) • (tan) 

1. phlegm

Korean

Hanja

痰 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.