石榴

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Chinese

[edit]
rock; stone; 10 pecks pomegranate
simp. and trad.
(石榴)
alternative forms 石留
榭榴 (sia̍h-liû; siā-liû) Hokkien
謝榴谢榴 (sia̍h-liû; siā-liû) Hokkien
射榴 (sia̍h-liû; siā-liû) Hokkien
射留 (sia̍h-liû; siā-liû) Hokkien
石榴

Etymology

[edit]

Clipping of 安石榴 (ānshíliú); see there for more.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • siêh8 liu5 - Chaozhou;
  • sioh8 liu5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (25) (37)
Final () (123) (136)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter dzyek ljuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/ /lɨu/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑiɛk̚/ /liu/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑiæk̚/ /liəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑiajk̚/ /luw/
Li
Rong
/ʑiɛk̚/ /liu/
Wang
Li
/ʑĭɛk̚/ /lĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʑi̯ɛk̚/ /li̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shí liú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sik6 lau4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shí
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzyek ›
Old
Chinese
/*dAk/
English stone

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 11470 8886
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*djaɡ/ /*m·ru/

Noun

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石榴

  1. pomegranate
  2. (Shouguang Mandarin) hawthorn
  3. (Cantonese) guava

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Further reading

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Japanese

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
石榴 (zakuro, jakuro, sekiryū): young pomegranate trees.
石榴 (zakuro, jakuro, sekiryū): an opened pomegranate fruit.

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
じゃく > ざく
Grade: 1
る > ろ
Hyōgai
irregular
Alternative spelling
柘榴

From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Compare modern Wu reading zaq lieu, Hakka sa̍k-liù.

The zakuro reading is irregular. This may represent a shift in pronunciation from an older borrowing: compare the expected goon reading jakuru. Alternatively, this reading may reflect an ancient sound borrowing, indicating the Zagros Mountains of modern-day Iran, where the pomegranate was originally cultivated.[1]

The spelling 柘榴 is attested in 747 CE.[2] The zakuro reading is attested to at least the late 900s in the 古今和歌六帖 (Kokin Waka Rokujō, Six Volumes of Waka Poetry of Ancient and Modern Times).[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(ざく)() or 石榴(ザクロ) (zakuro

  1. [from 747] pomegranate
Usage notes
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As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ザクロ.

Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
じゃく
Grade: 1
る > ろ
Hyōgai
goon irregular
Alternative spelling
若榴

From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Uses the regular goon reading of jaku for the first character, and the irregular ro reading for the second character instead of the expected goon reading of ru.

The jakuro reading is attested from the mid-1400s.[2] While rare and missing from some dictionaries,[3][5] this reading is attested more recently in a text from the 1960s.[2]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [d͡ʑa̠kɯ̟ɾo̞]

Noun

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(じゃく)() (jakuro

  1. [from mid-1400s] (rare) pomegranate
Usage notes
[edit]

The zakuro reading above is the most common reading for this term.

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
せき
Grade: 1
りゅう
Hyōgai
kan'on

/sekiriu//sekirjuː/

From Middle Chinese 石榴 (MC dzyek ljuw, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Uses the regular kanon reading of both characters.

The sekiriu reading is attested from the mid-1400s.[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(せき)(りゅう) (sekiryūせきりう (sekiriu)?

  1. [from mid-1400s] (uncommon) pomegranate
Usage notes
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The zakuro reading above is the most common reading for this term.

Derived terms
[edit]

References

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  1. ^ 清水桂一 (Keiichi Shimizu), editor (1980), たべもの語源辞典 (Tabemono Gogen Jiten, “Etymological Dictionary of Foods”)[1] (in Japanese), 東京堂出版 (Tōkyō-dō Shuppan, “Tokyo Hall Publishing”), →ISBN, archived from the original on 6 June 2021
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. 5.0 5.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja in this term

Noun

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石榴 (seongnyu) (hangeul 석류)

  1. hanja form? of 석류 (pomegranate)

Okinawan

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Kanji in this term
Grade: 1 Hyōgai

Etymology

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Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ざぐら.[1] Appears to be cognate with Japanese 石榴 (zakuro); see that entry for further details.

Noun

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石榴(ざくら) (zakura

  1. pomegranate

References

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  1. ^ Nakamoto, Masayo (中本政世) (1896) 沖縄語典 [Documentation of the Language of Okinawa], Hikone (彦根市): Eishōdō (永昌堂), →DOI, page 43

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Noun

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石榴

  1. chữ Hán form of thạch lựu (pomegranate).