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See also:
U+8AF6, 諶
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AF6

[U+8AF5]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8AF7]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 149, +9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜口廿一女 (YRTMV), four-corner 04611, composition )

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1171, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35739
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1636, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3994, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+8AF6

Chinese

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trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡljum) : semantic (speech) + phonetic (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums).

Pronunciation

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Note: shèn - variant pronunciation for the surname (inferred using the youbian dubian method).

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (25)
Final () (139)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter dzyim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑim/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑjem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑim/
Li
Rong
/ʑiəm/
Wang
Li
/ʑĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʑi̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chén
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sam4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
chén
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzyim ›
Old
Chinese
/*[t.ɢ][u]m/
English reliable, to trust

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 11292
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡljum/

Definitions

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  1. (literary) to believe
  2. (literary) sincere; honest
  3. (literary) indeed
  4. a surname
      ―  Chén Lóng  ―  Chen Long (Chinese badminton player)

Japanese

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Kanji

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(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. sincere
  2. faithful

Readings

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  • On (unclassified): しん (shin)じん (jin)
  • Kun: まこと (makoto)

Korean

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Hanja

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(sim) (hangeul , revised sim, McCune–Reischauer sim, Yale sim)

  1. truth
  2. to believe

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: kham, thầm, thòm, xầm

  1. (Rare) A Vietnamese surname (pronounced as xầm)