醜い
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Japanese[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 醜 |
| みにく Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Compound of 見 (mi, “seeing, looking”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 見る (miru, “to see, to look at”)) + 難い (nikui, “hard to do, difficult”), with a literal meaning of “hard to look at” or “difficult to see”.[1][2]
Pronunciation[edit]
- Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "醜い"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Continuative (連用形) | 醜く | みにくく みにくく |
[mìníꜜkùkù] [mìníkúꜜkù] |
| Terminal (終止形) | 醜い | みにくい | [mìníkúꜜì] |
| Attributive (連体形) | 醜い | みにくい | [mìníkúꜜì] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 醜くない | みにくくない みにくくない |
[mìníꜜkùkùnàì] [mìníkúꜜkùnàì] |
| Informal past | 醜かった | みにくかった みにくかった |
[mìníꜜkùkàttà] [mìníkúꜜkàttà] |
| Informal negative past | 醜くなかった | みにくくなかった みにくくなかった |
[mìníꜜkùkùnàkàttà] [mìníkúꜜkùnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 醜いです | みにくいです | [mìníkúꜜìdèsù] |
| Conjunctive | 醜くて | みにくくて みにくくて |
[mìníꜜkùkùtè] [mìníkúꜜkùtè] |
| Conditional | 醜ければ | みにくければ みにくければ |
[mìníꜜkùkèrèbà] [mìníkúꜜkèrèbà] |
Adjective[edit]
醜い • (minikui) -i (adverbial 醜く (minikuku))
Usage notes[edit]
The 見難い spelling is more common for the “difficult to distinguish” sense.
Inflection[edit]
Inflection of 醜い
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 醜かろ | みにくかろ | minikukaro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 醜く | みにくく | minikuku |
| Terminal (終止形) | 醜い | みにくい | minikui |
| Attributive (連体形) | 醜い | みにくい | minikui |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 醜けれ | みにくけれ | minikukere |
| Imperative (命令形) | 醜かれ | みにくかれ | minikukare |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 醜くない | みにくくない | minikuku nai |
| Informal past | 醜かった | みにくかった | minikukatta |
| Informal negative past | 醜くなかった | みにくくなかった | minikuku nakatta |
| Formal | 醜いです | みにくいです | minikui desu |
| Formal negative | 醜くないです | みにくくないです | minikuku nai desu |
| Formal past | 醜かったです | みにくかったです | minikukatta desu |
| Formal negative past | 醜くなかったです | みにくくなかったです | minikuku nakatta desu |
| Conjunctive | 醜くて | みにくくて | minikukute |
| Conditional | 醜ければ | みにくければ | minikukereba |
| Provisional | 醜かったら | みにくかったら | minikukattara |
| Volitional | 醜かろう | みにくかろう | minikukarō |
| Adverbial | 醜く | みにくく | minikuku |
| Degree | 醜さ | みにくさ | minikusa |
Synonyms[edit]
Antonyms[edit]
- (antonym(s) of "ugly"): 美しい (utsukushii, “beautiful”)
- (antonym(s) of "mean"): 素晴らしい (subarashii, “noble”)
References[edit]
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN