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Egyptian
Pronunciation
Verb
2-lit.
( transitive ) to cut off
( transitive ) to cut or cut up
( transitive ) to cut down (trees )
Inflection
Conjugation of šꜥ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: šꜥ , geminated stem: šꜥꜥ
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
šꜥ
šꜥw , šꜥ
šꜥt
šꜥ , j.šꜥ
šꜥ , j.šꜥ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
šꜥ
ḥr šꜥ
m šꜥ
r šꜥ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
šꜥ.n
šꜥw , šꜥ
consecutive
šꜥ.jn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
šꜥt
perfective 3
šꜥ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
obligative1
šꜥ.ḫr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
šꜥ , j.šꜥ 1
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
šꜥ
šꜥꜥ
potentialis1
šꜥ.kꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
šꜥ , j.šꜥ 1
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
šꜥ.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
šꜥ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
šꜥ
šꜥꜥ , šꜥꜥj 6 , šꜥ 2 , šꜥw 2 5 , šꜥy 2 5
imperfective
j.šꜥ 1 , šꜥ , šꜥy , šꜥw 5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
j.šꜥ 1 , j.šꜥw 1 5 , šꜥ , šꜥj 6 , šꜥy 6
šꜥ , šꜥw 5
prospective
šꜥ , šꜥtj 7
—
šꜥtj 4 , šꜥt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šꜥ
Derived terms
References
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN , page 262
James P[eter] Allen (2010 ) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs , 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN , pages 295, 297, 321 .