žodis
Lithuanian
Alternative forms
- (Samogitian) žuodis
Etymology
An extended-grade deverbative < archaic žàsti (“speak; awaken”); see žadė́ti (“promise”). Cognate with Latvian zadinât (“ridicule, blame; debate”). Blažek's connection with Ancient Greek γηθέω (gēthéō, “be glad”), Tocharian A kācke (“joy happiness”), Tocharian B katkauña (“happiness”)[1] < Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂dʰ-[2] fails to explain the underlying short vowel, and is, on balance, semantically rather weak. The -õ- is a secondary lengthened grade, as is typical for deverbals in -is.
Pronunciation
Noun
žõdis m (plural žõdžiai) stress pattern 2
- word (smallest meaningful unit of speech)
- word, speech, utterance (act of speech, often as opposed to action)
- Apgìnti šãlį víen drąsių̃ žõdžių neužteñka. - Words are not enough to defend your country.
- Žõdžiù, ẽsame paténkinti pasirinkimù. - Basically (= in a word), we're satisfied with our choice.
- speech, the right to speak one's mind
- žõdžio láisvė - freedom of speech
- word, promise
Declension
Declension of žõdis
| singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (vardininkas) | žõdis | žõdžiai |
| genitive (kilmininkas) | žõdžio | žõdžių |
| dative (naudininkas) | žõdžiui | žõdžiams |
| accusative (galininkas) | žõdį | žodžiùs |
| instrumental (įnagininkas) | žodžiù | žõdžiais |
| locative (vietininkas) | žõdyje | žõdžiuose |
| vocative (šauksmininkas) | žõdi | žõdžiai |
Derived terms
terms derived from žodis
Related terms
References
- ^ Václav Blažek (2010) 'Lithuanian žodis "word"' in Baltistica, volume XLV(2), page 306
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 270