εἶμι
See also: εἰμί
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
Etymology
Lua error: The template Template:PIE root does not use the parameter(s):2=h₁eyPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-. Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀂𐀍𐀳 (i-jo-te), Latin eō (“I go”), Sanskrit एति (eti, “goes”), Hittite 𒄿𒄿𒀀𒀜𒋫 (i-ya-at-ta /iyatta/, “goes”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎡𐎫𐎡𐎹 (aitiy, “goes”), Old Church Slavonic ити (iti), Old English ēode (“went”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /êː.mi/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈi.mi/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈi.mi/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈi.mi/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈi.mi/
Verb
εἶμῐ • (eîmi)
Usage notes
The present indicative (but not the other moods) has a future meaning: "I will go". The rest of the moods and tenses supply verb ἔρχομαι (érkhomai, “I come”) with Present subjunctive, optative, and with Imperfect. (Also, see ἦλθον (êlthon)).
Inflection
Present: εἶμι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | εἶμι | εἶ | εἶσῐ(ν) | ἴτον | ἴτον | ἴμεν | ἴτε | ἴᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ἴω | ἴῃς | ἴῃ | ἴητον | ἴητον | ἴωμεν | ἴητε | ἴωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἴοιμῐ | ἴοις | ἴοι | ἴοιτον | ἰοίτην | ἴοιμεν | ἴοιτε | ἴοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἴθῐ | ἴτω | ἴτον | ἴτων | ἴτε | ἰόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἰέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἰών | |||||||||||
f | ἰοῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἰόν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Present: εἶμι (Epic)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | εἶμι | εἶς/εἶσθα | εἶσι | ἴτον | ἴτον | ἴμεν | ἴτε | ἴᾱσι | ||||
subjunctive | ἴω | ἴῃσθα | ἴῃσι | ἴητον | ἴητον | ἴωμεν/ἴομεν | ἴητε | ἴωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἴοιμῐ | ἴοις | ἴοι/ἰείη, εἴη |
ἴοιτον | ἰοίτην | ἴοιμεν | ἴοιτε | ἴοιεν | |||||
imperative | ἴθῐ | ἴτω | ἴτον | ἴτων | ἴτε | ἰόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἰέναι, ἴμεναι/ἴμεν |
||||||||||||
participle | m | ἰών | |||||||||||
f | ἰοῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἰόν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾖᾰ/ᾔειν | ᾔεισθᾰ/ᾔεις | ᾔειν/ᾔει | ᾖτον | ᾔτην | ᾖμεν | ᾖτε | ᾖσᾰν/ᾔεσᾰν | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἤϊα | ᾔεις | ἤϊε(ν)/ᾖε, ἴε(ν) |
ᾔτον, ἴτον |
ᾔτην, ἴτην |
ᾖμεν/ᾔομεν | ᾖτε | ἤϊσαν, ἴσαν, ᾖσαν, ἤϊον | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
References
- “εἶμι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “εἶμι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “εἶμι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- εἶμι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- εἶμι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- εἶμι in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “εἶμι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter