ζόφος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *dzópʰos. Beekes claims it's Pre-Greek. But compare Ζέφυρος (Zéphuros), connected by some to Proto-Indo-European *h₃yebʰ-.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /zdó.pʰos/ → /ˈzo.ɸos/ → /ˈzo.fos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /zdó.pʰos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈzo.pʰos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈzo.ɸos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈzo.fos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈzo.fos/

Noun

ζόφος • (zóphos) m (genitive ζόφου); second declension

1. darkness; gloom

   Synonyms: γνόφος (gnóphos), (poetic) δνόφος (dnóphos)

2. the dark quarter; the west

Declension

Second declension of ὁ ζόφος; τοῦ ζόφου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ζόφος ho zóphos	τὼ ζόφω tṑ zóphō	οἱ ζόφοι hoi zóphoi
Genitive	τοῦ ζόφου toû zóphou	τοῖν ζόφοιν toîn zóphoin	τῶν ζόφων tôn zóphōn
Dative	τῷ ζόφῳ tōî zóphōi	τοῖν ζόφοιν toîn zóphoin	τοῖς ζόφοις toîs zóphois
Accusative	τὸν ζόφον tòn zóphon	τὼ ζόφω tṑ zóphō	τοὺς ζόφους toùs zóphous
Vocative	ζόφε zóphe	ζόφω zóphō	ζόφοι zóphoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of ζόφος; ζόφοιο / ζόφου (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ζόφος zóphos	ζόφω zóphō	ζόφοι zóphoi
Genitive	ζόφοιο / ζόφου zóphoio / zóphou	ζόφοιῐ̈ν zóphoiĭ̈n	ζόφων zóphōn
Dative	ζόφῳ zóphōi	ζόφοιῐ̈ν zóphoiĭ̈n	ζόφοισῐ / ζόφοισῐν / ζόφοις zóphoisĭ(n) / zóphois
Accusative	ζόφον zóphon	ζόφω zóphō	ζόφους zóphous
Vocative	ζόφε zóphe	ζόφω zóphō	ζόφοι zóphoi
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Second declension of ὁ ζόφος; τοῦ ζόφου (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ζόφος ho zóphos	τὼ ζόφω tṑ zóphō	οἱ ζόφοι hoi zóphoi
Genitive	τοῦ ζόφου toû zóphou	τοῖν ζόφοιν toîn zóphoin	τῶν ζόφων tôn zóphōn
Dative	τῷ ζόφῳ tōî zóphōi	τοῖν ζόφοιν toîn zóphoin	τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν ζόφοισῐ / ζόφοισῐν toîsĭ(n) zóphoisĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸν ζόφον tòn zóphon	τὼ ζόφω tṑ zóphō	τοὺς ζόφους toùs zóphous
Vocative	ζόφε zóphe	ζόφω zóphō	ζόφοι zóphoi
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• ζοφόω (zophóō), ζοφῶ (zophô)

Related terms

• γνόφος (gnóphos) (possibly)
• δνόφος (dnóphos) (possibly)

Further reading

• “ζόφος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press