πέντε

Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek cardinal numbers

<  δʹ	εʹ	ϝʹ  >
Cardinal : πέντε ‎(pénte)     Ordinal : πέμπτος ‎(pémptos)     Adverbial : πεντάκις ‎(pentákis)

Alternative forms

• πέμπε ‎(pémpe) Aeolic

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *pénkʷe, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe. Cognates include Sanskrit पञ्चन् ‎(páñcan), Latin quīnque, Old Armenian հինգ ‎(hing) and Old English fīf (English five).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA: /pén.te/ → /ˈpen.te/ → /ˈpen.te/

• 5th BC Attic: IPA: /pén.te/
• 1st BC Egyptian: IPA: /ˈpɛn.tɛ/
• 4th AD Koine: IPA: /ˈpen.te/
• 10th AD Byzantine: IPA: /ˈpen.te/
• 15th AD Constantinopolitan: IPA: /ˈpen.te/

Numeral

πέντε • ‎(pénte) ‎(ordinal πέμπτος, adverbial πεντᾰ́κῐς)

1. (cardinal) five
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.317
   • 556 BCE – 468 BCE, Simonides, Collected Works 155.11

Usage notes

• πέντε is indeclinable; however, the Aeolic form πέμπε has a genitive πέμπων ‎(pémpōn).

Descendants

• English: penta-
• Greek: πέντε ‎(pénte)

References

• πέντε in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• πέντε in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• πέντε in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• «πέντε» in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• «πέντε» in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• πέντε in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• “G4002”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English-Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • five idem, page 324.

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Greek

Greek cardinal numbers

<  δ΄	ε΄	στ΄  >
Cardinal : πέντε ‎(pénte)     Ordinal : πέμπτος ‎(pémptos)

Etymology

From Ancient Greek πέντε ‎(pénte), from Proto-Hellenic *pénkʷe, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpe̞(n)de̞]

Audio

(file)

Numeral

πέντε • ‎(pénte) n ‎(invariable)

1. (cardinal) five, 5

   πέντε αισθήσεις‎

   pénte aisthíseis

   five senses

Related terms

• Ε΄ ‎(E΄), ε΄ ‎(e΄)
• πέμπτος ‎(pémptos, “fifth”)
• πέμπτη f ‎(pémpti, “fifth (gear etc)”)
• Πέμπτη f ‎(Pémpti, “Thursday”)
• πενήντα ‎(penínta, “fifty”)

See also

• Greek number and measurement