पञ्च

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• pañca (Latin script)
• 𑀧𑀜𑁆𑀘 (Brahmi script)
• পঞ্চ (Bengali script)
• පඤ‍්ච (Sinhalese script)
• ပဉ္စ or ပၺ္ၸ or ပၺ်ၸ (Burmese script)
• ปญฺจ or ปัญจะ (Thai script)
• ᨷᨬ᩠ᨧ (Tai Tham script)
• ປຎ຺ຈ or ປັຎຈະ (Lao script)
• បញ្ច (Khmer script)
• 𑄛𑄐𑄴𑄌 (Chakma script)

Numeral

पञ्च (pañca)

1. Devanagari script form of pañca
   • c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎^[2] (overall work in Pali), page 3; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

     तत्थ अट्ठसु सरेसु रस्सेहि अञ्ञे पञ्च सरा दीघा नाम होन्ति।

     Tattha aṭṭhasu saresu rassehi aññe pañca sarā dīghā nāma honti.

     There, in the eight vowels and apart from the short ones, the other five vowels are indeed long.

Declension

Declension table of "पञ्च"

Case \ Number	Plural
Nominative (first)	पञ्च (pañca)
Accusative (second)	पञ्च (pañca)
Instrumental (third)	पञ्चहि (pañcahi)
Dative (fourth)	पञ्चन्नं (pañcannaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	पञ्चहि (pañcahi)
Genitive (sixth)	पञ्चन्नं (pañcannaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	पञ्चसु (pañcasu)

Sanskrit

Sanskrit numbers ^(edit)

	50
←  4	५ 5	6  →
Cardinal: पञ्च (pañca)     Ordinal: पञ्चम (pañcama)     Multiplier: पञ्चधा (pañcadhā)     Distributive: पञ्चशस् (pañcaśas)     Collective: पङ्क्ति (paṅkti)

Alternative forms

• पञ्च॑न् (páñcan) — stem in traditional grammars

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পঞ্চ (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬜ᭄ᬘ (Balinese script)
• পঞ্চ (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰗𑰿𑰓 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀜𑁆𑀘 (Brahmi script)
• ပဉ္စ (Burmese script)
• પઞ્ચ (Gujarati script)
• ਪਞ੍ਚ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑌞𑍍𑌚 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦚ꧀ꦕ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂖𑂹𑂒 (Kaithi script)
• ಪಞ್ಚ (Kannada script)
• បញ្ច (Khmer script)
• ປຎ຺ຈ (Lao script)
• പഞ്ച (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᠠᠨᡳᠶᢜᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘗𑘿𑘓 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠠᡛᢋᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑦷𑧠𑦳 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐘𑑂𑐔 (Newa script)
• ପଞ୍ଚ (Odia script)
• ꢦꢛ꣄ꢗ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆚𑇀𑆖 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖗𑖿𑖓 (Siddham script)
• පඤ්‍ච (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩥 𑪙𑩡 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚓𑚶𑚏 (Takri script)
• பஞ்ச (Tamil script)
• పఞ్చ (Telugu script)
• ปญฺจ (Thai script)
• པ་ཉྩ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒘𑓂𑒔 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨓𑩇𑨣 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe

Proto-Indo-Iranian *pánča

Sanskrit पञ्च

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pánća, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pánča, from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe.

Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬧𐬗𐬀 (paṇca), Old Church Slavonic пѧть (pętĭ), Lithuanian penki, Albanian pesë, Ancient Greek πέντε (pénte), Latin quinque, Old English fīf (whence English five).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐ́ɲ.t͡ɕɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pɐɲ.t͡ɕɐ/

Numeral

पञ्च॑ • (páñca)

1. five

Declension

Gender-neutral numeral declension of पञ्च॑

	plural
nominative	पञ्च॑ (páñca)
accusative	पञ्च॑ (páñca)
instrumental	प॒ञ्चभिः॑ (pañcábhiḥ)
dative	प॒ञ्चभ्यः॑ (pañcábhyaḥ)
ablative	प॒ञ्चभ्यः॑ (pañcábhyaḥ)
genitive	प॒ञ्चा॒नाम् (pañcānā́m)
locative	प॒ञ्चसु॑ (pañcásu)
vocative	पञ्च॑ (páñca)

Derived terms

• पञ्चगुण (pañcaguṇa)
• पञ्चतन्त्र (pañcatantra)
• पञ्चम (pañcama)
• पञ्चविधा (pañcavidhā) (Hindi)
• पञ्चशील (pañcaśīla)
• पञ्चाल (pañcāla, “Panchal”)

Related terms

• पञ्चाशत् (pañcāśat, “fifty”)

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀧𑀁𑀘 (paṃca) (see there for further descendants)
• Dardic:
  • Kalasha: ponǰ
  • Kashmiri: پانٛژھ (pānċh)
  • Khowar: پونج (ponǰ)
• Helu Prakrit:
  • Dhivehi: ފަހެހް (faheh)
  • Sinhalese: පහ (paha)
• Pali: pañca
  • → Burmese: ပဉ္စ (panyca.)
  • → Khmer: បញ្ច (bɑñcɑɑ)
  • → Lao: ປັນຈະ (pan cha)
  • → Shan: ပဵၼ်ႇၸႃႉ (pàen tsâ̰a)
  • → Thai: ปัญจ, เบญจ
• → Malay:

  Latin script: panca

  Arabic script: ڤنچا

  • Indonesian: panca

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899), “पञ्च”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 578, column 2.