градя

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gorditi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡrɐˈdʲɤ̟]

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

градя́ • (gradjá) first-singular present indicative, impf

1. (transitive, obsolete) to fence, to confine
2. (transitive) to erect, to build, to construct

Conjugation

    Conjugation of градя́ (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	градя́щ gradjášt	гради́л gradíl	градя́л gradjál	граде́н gradén		граде́йки gradéjki
	definite subject form	градя́щият gradjáštijat	гради́лият gradílijat	—	граде́ният gradénijat
	definite object form	градя́щия gradjáštija	гради́лия gradílija	—	граде́ния gradénija
feminine	indefinite	градя́ща gradjášta	гради́ла gradíla	градя́ла gradjála	граде́на gradéna
	definite	градя́щата gradjáštata	гради́лата gradílata	—	граде́ната gradénata
neuter	indefinite	градя́що gradjášto	гради́ло gradílo	градя́ло gradjálo	граде́но gradéno	граде́не gradéne
	definite	градя́щото gradjáštoto	гради́лото gradíloto	—	граде́ното gradénoto	граде́нето gradéneto
plural	indefinite	градя́щи gradjášti	гради́ли gradíli	граде́ли gradéli	граде́ни gradéni	граде́ния, граде́нета gradénija, gradéneta
	definite	градя́щите gradjáštite	гради́лите gradílite	—	граде́ните gradénite	граде́нията, граде́нетата gradénijata, gradénetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		градя́ gradjá	гради́ш gradíš	гради́ gradí	гради́м gradím	гради́те gradíte	градя́т gradját
imperfect		градя́х gradjáh	граде́ше gradéše	граде́ше gradéše	градя́хме gradjáhme	градя́хте gradjáhte	градя́ха gradjáha
aorist		гради́х gradíh	гради́ gradí	гради́ gradí	гради́хме gradíhme	гради́хте gradíhte	гради́ха gradíha
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and гради́л m, гради́ла f, гради́ло n, or гради́ли pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and гради́л m, гради́ла f, гради́ло n, or гради́ли pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and гради́л m, гради́ла f, гради́ло n, or гради́ли pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and гради́л m, гради́ла f, гради́ло n, or гради́ли pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and градя́л m, градя́ла f, градя́ло n, or граде́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and гради́л m, гради́ла f, гради́ло n, or гради́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and гради́л m, гради́ла f, гради́ло n, or гради́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and гради́л m, гради́ла f, гради́ло n, or гради́ли pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and градя́л m, градя́ла f, градя́ло n, or граде́ли pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and гради́л m, гради́ла f, гради́ло n, or гради́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and гради́л m, гради́ла f, гради́ло n, or гради́ли pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and градя́л m, градя́ла f, градя́ло n, or граде́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and гради́л m, гради́ла f, гради́ло n, or гради́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and гради́л m, гради́ла f, гради́ло n, or гради́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and гради́л m, гради́ла f, гради́ло n, or гради́ли pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and гради́л m, гради́ла f, гради́ло n, or гради́ли pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			гради́ gradí			граде́те gradéte

Derived terms

• вградя pf (vgradja), вграждам impf (vgraždam)
• заградя pf (zagradja), заграждам impf (zagraždam)
• изградя pf (izgradja), изграждам impf (izgraždam)
• наградя pf (nagradja), награждам impf (nagraždam, “to build on”) (dialectal)
• надградя pf (nadgradja), надграждам impf (nadgraždam)
• обградя pf (obgradja), обграждам impf (obgraždam)
• преградя pf (pregradja), преграждам impf (pregraždam)
• разградя pf (razgradja), разграждам impf (razgraždam, “to dissolve”)
• съградя pf (sǎgradja), съграждам impf (sǎgraždam)
• граде́ж (gradéž) (action/resultant noun)
• градиво́ (gradivó, “building materials”) (dialectal)

Related terms

• град (grad, “town, urban settlement”)
• гра́да (gráda), гражд (gražd, “construction”) (dialectal)
• гради́на (gradína, “garden”)
• награ́да (nagráda, “reward”) (Russian borrowing)
  • наградя pf (nagradja), награждавам impf (nagraždavam, “to award”) (standard)

References

• “градя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “градя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Nayden Gerov (1895) “градѭ́, -и́шь; -ди́лъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[1] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 244
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “градя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 272
• “градити”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2024