дёготь
Russian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *degъtь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *degut(j)as, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ-. Cognate with Slovak decht.
Likely a Baltic borrowing (cf. Lithuanian degùtas : dègti; Latvian deguts (“birch tar”) : degt). Absent in the South Slavic languages. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *žeťi (whence Russian жечь (žečʹ).
Non-Slavic cognates include Ancient Greek τέφρα (téphra), Ancient Greek θεπτανός (theptanós), Latin foveō, Latin febris (whence Russian февра́ль (fevrálʹ), English fever, Russian фебри́льный (febrílʹnyj)), Sanskrit दहति (dahati, “burn”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]дёготь • (djógotʹ) m inan (genitive дёгтя, nominative plural дёгти, genitive plural дёгтей)
- tar, pitch
- 1892, Антон Чехов [Anton Chekhov], Страх; English translation from Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, transl., Fear, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2020:
- Купи́вши сы́ру, похо́жего на мы́ло, и окамене́лой колбасы́, от кото́рой па́хло дё́гтем, мы отпра́вились в тракти́р спроси́ть, нет ли пи́ва.
- Kupívši sýru, poxóževo na mýlo, i okamenéloj kolbasý, ot kotóroj páxlo djógtem, my otprávilisʹ v traktír sprosítʹ, net li píva.
- We bought cheese that resembled soap and petrified sausage that smelled of tar, then went to the inn to ask if they had beer.
Usage notes
[edit]In the oblique cases, the г used to be pronounced like х: дёгтя = djóxtja. This pronunciation is now considered dated.
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Compound words:
- дёгтебето́н m (djogtebetón)
Compounds:
- ло́жка дёгтя f (lóžka djógtja)
- ло́жка дёгтя в бо́чке мёда f (lóžka djógtja v bóčke mjóda)
Related terms
[edit]- Native
- жечь impf (žečʹ)
- Borrowed
Related vie Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ-:
- фебри́льный (febrílʹnyj), субфебри́льный (subfebrílʹnyj)
- февра́ль m (fevrálʹ)
References
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дёготь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Further reading
[edit]- Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882) “деготь”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.
- дёготь in Большой толковый словарь, editor-in-chief С. А. Кузнецов – hosted at gramota.ru
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Russian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰegʷʰ-
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Russian 2-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian lemmas
- Russian nouns
- Russian masculine nouns
- Russian inanimate nouns
- Russian terms with quotations
- Russian soft-stem masculine-form nouns
- Russian soft-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern a
- Russian nouns with reducible stem
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