лев

See also: Лев and ле̄в

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *lьvъ. Compare also sense of currency to Romanian leu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [lɛf]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

лев • (lev) m

1. (numismatics) lev (currency of Bulgaria)
2. (archaic) lion (mammal)

   Synonym: (modern) лъв (lǎv)

   • 1854, Добри Петров Чинтулов, “Стани, стани, юнак балкански”:

     Да стане лева наш балкански, от него вятър да повей
     Та полумесец отомански под черен облак да тъмней.

     Da stane leva naš balkanski, ot nego vjatǎr da povej
     Ta polumesec otomanski pod čeren oblak da tǎmnej.

     May our Balkan lion rise, and from him a wind be stirred
     That the Ottoman crescent below black cloud be obscured.

Declension

Declension of лев

	singular	plural
indefinite	лев lev	ле́вове lévove
definite (subject form)	ле́вът lévǎt	ле́вовете lévovete
definite (object form)	ле́ва léva
count form	—	ле́ва léva
vocative form	ле́ве léve	ле́вове lévove

Descendants

• → Danish: lev c
• → English: lev
• → Portuguese: lev m
• → Russian: лев m (lev)
• → Swedish: lev c
• → Ukrainian: лев m (lev)

References

• “лев”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “лев”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Komi-Zyrian

Лев.

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian лев (lev).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʎeʋ/, [ˈʎeʋ]
• Hyphenation: лев

Noun

лев • (ľev)

1. lion (Panthera leo)

Declension

Declension of лев (stem: лев-)

		singular	plural
nominative		лев (ľev)	левъяс (ľevjas)
accusative	I 1	лев (ľev)	левъяс (ľevjas)
	II 1	левӧс (ľevös)	левъясӧс (ľevjasös)
instrumental		левӧн (ľevön)	левъясӧн (ľevjasön)
comitative		левкӧд (ľevköd)	левъяскӧд (ľevjasköd)
caritive		левтӧг (ľevtög)	левъястӧг (ľevjastög)
consecutive		левла (ľevla)	левъясла (ľevjasla)
genitive		левлӧн (ľevlön)	левъяслӧн (ľevjaslön)
ablative		левлысь (ľevlyś)	левъяслысь (ľevjaslyś)
dative		левлы (ľevly)	левъяслы (ľevjasly)
inessive		левын (ľevyn)	левъясын (ľevjasyn)
elative		левысь (ľevyś)	левъясысь (ľevjasyś)
illative		левӧ (ľevö)	левъясӧ (ľevjasö)
egressive		левсянь (ľevśań)	левъяссянь (ľevjasśań)
approximative		левлань (ľevlań)	левъяслань (ľevjaslań)
terminative		левӧдз (ľevödź)	левъясӧдз (ľevjasödź)
prolative	I	левӧд (ľevöd)	левъясӧд (ľevjasöd)
	II	левті (ľevti)	левъясті (ľevjasti)

¹ Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Possessive declension of лев

First person singular singular plural nominative левӧй (ľevöj) левъясӧй (ľevjasöj) accusative I 1 левӧй (ľevöj) левъясӧй (ľevjasöj) II 1 левӧс (ľevös) левъясӧс (ľevjasös) instrumental левнам (ľevnam) левъяснам (ľevjasnam) comitative левӧйкӧд (ľevöjköd) левъясӧйкӧд (ľevjasöjköd) caritive левтӧгым (ľevtögym) левъястӧгым (ľevjastögym) consecutive левӧйла (ľevöjla) левъясӧйла (ľevjasöjla) genitive левӧйлӧн (ľevöjlön) левъясӧйлӧн (ľevjasöjlön) ablative левӧйлысь (ľevöjlyś) левъясӧйлысь (ľevjasöjlyś) dative левӧйлы (ľevöjly) левъясӧйлы (ľevjasöjly) inessive левам (ľevam) левъясам (ľevjasam) elative левсьым (ľevśym) левъяссьым (ľevjasśym) illative левам (ľevam) левъясам (ľevjasam) egressive левсяньым (ľevśańym) левъяссяньым (ľevjasśańym) approximative левланьым (ľevlańym) левъясланьым (ľevjaslańym) terminative левӧдзым (ľevödźym) левъясӧдзым (ľevjasödźym) prolative I левӧдым (ľevödym) левъясӧдым (ľevjasödym) II левтіым (ľevtiym) левъястіым (ľevjastiym) 1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. Second person singular singular plural nominative левыд (ľevyd) левъясыд (ľevjasyd) accusative I 1 левыд (ľevyd) левъясыд (ľevjasyd) II 1 левтӧ (ľevtö) левъястӧ (ľevjastö) instrumental левнад (ľevnad) левъяснад (ľevjasnad) comitative левыдкӧд (ľevydköd) левъясыдкӧд (ľevjasydköd) caritive левтӧгыд (ľevtögyd) левъястӧгыд (ľevjastögyd) consecutive левыдла (ľevydla) левъясыдла (ľevjasydla) genitive левыдлӧн (ľevydlön) левъясыдлӧн (ľevjasydlön) ablative левыдлысь (ľevydlyś) левъясыдлысь (ľevjasydlyś) dative левыдлы (ľevydly) левъясыдлы (ľevjasydly) inessive левад (ľevad) левъясад (ľevjasad) elative левсьыд (ľevśyd) левъяссьыд (ľevjasśyd) illative левад (ľevad) левъясад (ľevjasad) egressive левсяньыд (ľevśańyd) левъяссяньыд (ľevjasśańyd) approximative левланьыд (ľevlańyd) левъясланьыд (ľevjaslańyd) terminative левӧдзыд (ľevödźyd) левъясӧдзыд (ľevjasödźyd) prolative I левӧдыд (ľevödyd) левъясӧдыд (ľevjasödyd) II левтіыд (ľevtiyd) левъястіыд (ľevjastiyd) 1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. Third person singular singular plural nominative левыс (ľevys) левъясыс (ľevjasys) accusative I 1 левыс (ľevys) левъясыс (ľevjasys) II 1 левсӧ (ľevsö) левъяссӧ (ľevjassö) instrumental левнас (ľevnas) левъяснас (ľevjasnas) comitative левыскӧд (ľevysköd) левъясыскӧд (ľevjasysköd) caritive левтӧгыс (ľevtögys) левъястӧгыс (ľevjastögys) consecutive левысла (ľevysla) левъясысла (ľevjasysla) genitive левыслӧн (ľevyslön) левъясыслӧн (ľevjasyslön) ablative левыслысь (ľevyslyś) левъясыслысь (ľevjasyslyś) dative левыслы (ľevysly) левъясыслы (ľevjasysly) inessive левас (ľevas) левъясас (ľevjasas) elative левсьыс (ľevśys) левъяссьыс (ľevjasśys) illative левас (ľevas) левъясас (ľevjasas) egressive левсяньыс (ľevśańys) левъяссяньыс (ľevjasśańys) approximative левланьыс (ľevlańys) левъясланьыс (ľevjaslańys) terminative левӧдзыс (ľevödźys) левъясӧдзыс (ľevjasödźys) prolative I левӧдыс (ľevödys) левъясӧдыс (ľevjasödys) II левтіыс (ľevtiys) левъястіыс (ľevjastiys) 1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. First person plural singular plural nominative левным (ľevnym) левъясным (ľevjasnym) accusative I 1 левным (ľevnym) левъясным (ľevjasnym) II 1 левнымӧ (ľevnymö) левъяснымӧ (ľevjasnymö) instrumental левнаным (ľevnanym) левъяснаным (ľevjasnanym) comitative левнымкӧд (ľevnymköd) левъяснымкӧд (ľevjasnymköd) caritive левтӧгным (ľevtögnym) левъястӧгным (ľevjastögnym) consecutive левнымла (ľevnymla) левъяснымла (ľevjasnymla) genitive левнымлӧн (ľevnymlön) левъяснымлӧн (ľevjasnymlön) ablative левнымлысь (ľevnymlyś) левъяснымлысь (ľevjasnymlyś) dative левнымлы (ľevnymly) левъяснымлы (ľevjasnymly) inessive леваным (ľevanym) левъясаным (ľevjasanym) elative левсьыным (ľevśynym) левъяссьыным (ľevjasśynym) illative леваным (ľevanym) левъясаным (ľevjasanym) egressive левсяньным (ľevśańnym) левъяссяньным (ľevjasśańnym) approximative левланьным (ľevlańnym) левъясланьным (ľevjaslańnym) terminative левӧдзным (ľevödźnym) левъясӧдзным (ľevjasödźnym) prolative I левӧдным (ľevödnym) левъясӧдным (ľevjasödnym) II левтіным (ľevtinym) левъястіным (ľevjastinym) 1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. Second person plural singular plural nominative левныд (ľevnyd) левъясныд (ľevjasnyd) accusative I 1 левныд (ľevnyd) левъясныд (ľevjasnyd) II 1 левнытӧ (ľevnytö) левъяснытӧ (ľevjasnytö) instrumental левнаныд (ľevnanyd) левъяснаныд (ľevjasnanyd) comitative левныдкӧд (ľevnydköd) левъясныдкӧд (ľevjasnydköd) caritive левтӧгныд (ľevtögnyd) левъястӧгныд (ľevjastögnyd) consecutive левныдла (ľevnydla) левъясныдла (ľevjasnydla) genitive левныдлӧн (ľevnydlön) левъясныдлӧн (ľevjasnydlön) ablative левныдлысь (ľevnydlyś) левъясныдлысь (ľevjasnydlyś) dative левныдлы (ľevnydly) левъясныдлы (ľevjasnydly) inessive леваныд (ľevanyd) левъясаныд (ľevjasanyd) elative левсьыныд (ľevśynyd) левъяссьыныд (ľevjasśynyd) illative леваныд (ľevanyd) левъясаныд (ľevjasanyd) egressive левсяньныд (ľevśańnyd) левъяссяньныд (ľevjasśańnyd) approximative левланьныд (ľevlańnyd) левъясланьныд (ľevjaslańnyd) terminative левӧдзныд (ľevödźnyd) левъясӧдзныд (ľevjasödźnyd) prolative I левӧдныд (ľevödnyd) левъясӧдныд (ľevjasödnyd) II левтіныд (ľevtinyd) левъястіныд (ľevjastinyd) 1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. Third person plural singular plural nominative левныс (ľevnys) левъясныс (ľevjasnys) accusative I 1 левныс (ľevnys) левъясныс (ľevjasnys) II 1 левнысӧ (ľevnysö) левъяснысӧ (ľevjasnysö) instrumental левнаныс (ľevnanys) левъяснаныс (ľevjasnanys) comitative левнымкӧс (ľevnymkös) левъяснымкӧс (ľevjasnymkös) caritive левтӧгныс (ľevtögnys) левъястӧгныс (ľevjastögnys) consecutive левнысла (ľevnysla) левъяснысла (ľevjasnysla) genitive левныслӧн (ľevnyslön) левъясныслӧн (ľevjasnyslön) ablative левныслысь (ľevnyslyś) левъясныслысь (ľevjasnyslyś) dative левныслы (ľevnysly) левъясныслы (ľevjasnysly) inessive леваныс (ľevanys) левъясаныс (ľevjasanys) elative левсьыныс (ľevśynys) левъяссьыныс (ľevjasśynys) illative леваныс (ľevanys) левъясаныс (ľevjasanys) egressive левсяньныс (ľevśańnys) левъяссяньныс (ľevjasśańnys) approximative левланьныс (ľevlańnys) левъясланьныс (ľevjaslańnys) terminative левӧдзныс (ľevödźnys) левъясӧдзныс (ľevjasödźnys) prolative I левӧдныс (ľevödnys) левъясӧдныс (ľevjasödnys) II левтіныс (ľevtinys) левъястіныс (ľevjastinys) 1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

References

• L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 343

Macedonian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lěvъ, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂iwos. Cognate to Latin laevus, Greek λαιός (laiós).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [lɛf]

Adjective

лев • (lev) (superlative најлев)

1. left
2. leftist

Declension

Declension of лев

positive	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
indefinite	лев (lev)	лева (leva)	лево (levo)	леви (levi)
definite unspecified	левиот (leviot)	левата (levata)	левото (levoto)	левите (levite)
definite proximal	левиов (leviov)	левава (levava)	левово (levovo)	левиве (levive)
definite distal	левион (levion)	левана (levana)	левоно (levono)	левине (levine)
comparative	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
indefinite	—	—	—	—
definite unspecified	—	—	—	—
definite proximal	—	—	—	—
definite distal	—	—	—	—
superlative	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
indefinite	најлев (najlev)	најлева (najleva)	најлево (najlevo)	најлеви (najlevi)
definite unspecified	најлевиот (najleviot)	најлевата (najlevata)	најлевото (najlevoto)	најлевите (najlevite)
definite proximal	најлевиов (najleviov)	најлевава (najlevava)	најлевово (najlevovo)	најлевиве (najlevive)
definite distal	најлевион (najlevion)	најлевана (najlevana)	најлевоно (najlevono)	најлевине (najlevine)

Antonyms

• десен (desen)

Etymology 2

Noun

лев • (lev) m

1. lev (Bulgarian currency)

Declension

Declension of лев

	singular	plural
indefinite	лев (lev)	леви (levi)
definite unspecified	левот (levot)	левите (levite)
definite proximal	левов (levov)	левиве (levive)
definite distal	левон (levon)	левине (levine)
vocative	леву (levu)	леви (levi)
count form	—	лева (leva)

Russian

Alternative forms

• левъ (lev) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [lʲef]

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lьvъ, likely a borrowing from a Germanic language, ultimately from Latin leo.

Noun

лев • (lev) m anim (genitive льва, nominative plural львы, genitive plural львов, feminine льви́ца, relational adjective льви́ный)

1. lion

   Synonym: (idiomatic) царь звере́й (carʹ zveréj)

   све́тский лев (dated, idiom) ― svétskij lev ― person of high society, who enjoys great success in it (literally, “society lion”)

Declension

Declension of лев (anim masc-form hard-stem accent-b reduc) 

	singular	plural
nominative	ле́в lév	львы́ lʹvý
genitive	льва́ lʹvá	льво́в lʹvóv
dative	льву́ lʹvú	льва́м lʹvám
accusative	льва́ lʹvá	льво́в lʹvóv
instrumental	льво́м lʹvóm	льва́ми lʹvámi
prepositional	льве́ lʹvé	льва́х lʹváx

Derived terms

• львёнок m anim (lʹvjónok)
• льви́ный (lʹvínyj)
• льви́ца f anim (lʹvíca)
• львя́тник m (lʹvjátnik)

Compounds:

• морско́й лев m anim (morskój lev)
• муравьи́ный лев m anim (muravʹínyj lev)
• From льви́ный (lʹvínyj):
  • льви́ная до́ля f (lʹvínaja dólja)

Related terms

• Леони́д m anim (Leoníd)
• леопа́рд m anim (leopárd)

Descendants

• → Ingrian: leva
• → Kildin Sami: левв (ljevv)
• → Komi-Zyrian: лев (ľev)
• → Ossetian: лев (lev)
• → Veps: lev

Further reading

• Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882) “лев”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Bulgarian лев (lev), a variant of лъв (lǎv, “lion”).

Noun

лев • (lev) m inan (genitive ле́ва, nominative plural ле́вы, genitive plural ле́вов)

1. (numismatics) lev (currency of Bulgaria)

Declension

Declension of лев (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	ле́в lév	ле́вы lévy
genitive	ле́ва léva	ле́вов lévov
dative	ле́ву lévu	ле́вам lévam
accusative	ле́в lév	ле́вы lévy
instrumental	ле́вом lévom	ле́вами lévami
prepositional	ле́ве léve	ле́вах lévax

Etymology 3

Adjective

лев • (lev)

1. short masculine singular of ле́вый (lévyj)

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɫɛu̯]

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *lьvъ.

Noun

лев • (lev) m animal (genitive ле́ва, nominative plural ле́ви, genitive plural ле́вів, feminine леви́ця, relational adjective леви́ний or ле́в'ячий, diminutive левеня́)

1. lion

Declension

Declension of лев
(animal hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	лев lev	ле́ви lévy
genitive	ле́ва léva	ле́вів léviv
dative	ле́вові, ле́ву lévovi, lévu	ле́вам lévam
accusative	ле́ва léva	ле́ви, ле́вів lévy, léviv
instrumental	ле́вом lévom	ле́вами lévamy
locative	ле́вові, ле́ві lévovi, lévi	ле́вах lévax
vocative	ле́ве léve	ле́ви lévy

Noun

лев • (lev) m pers (genitive ле́ва, nominative plural ле́ви, genitive plural ле́вів)

1. A person with a Leo star sign.

Declension

Declension of лев
(pers hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	лев lev	ле́ви lévy
genitive	ле́ва léva	ле́вів léviv
dative	ле́вові, ле́ву lévovi, lévu	ле́вам lévam
accusative	ле́ва léva	ле́вів léviv
instrumental	ле́вом lévom	ле́вами lévamy
locative	ле́вові, ле́ві lévovi, lévi	ле́вах lévax
vocative	ле́ве léve	ле́ви lévy

Etymology 2

From Bulgarian лев (lev), a variant of лъв (lǎv, “lion”).

Noun

лев • (lev) m inan (genitive ле́ва, nominative plural ле́ви, genitive plural ле́вів)

1. (numismatics) lev (currency of Bulgaria)

Declension

Declension of лев
(inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	лев lev	ле́ви lévy
genitive	ле́ва léva	ле́вів léviv
dative	ле́ву lévu	ле́вам lévam
accusative	лев lev	ле́ви lévy
instrumental	ле́вом lévom	ле́вами lévamy
locative	ле́ві lévi	ле́вах lévax
vocative	ле́ве léve	ле́ви lévy

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “лев”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “лев”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
• “лев”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua] (in Ukrainian)