мраз

Bulgarian

Alternative forms

• мразъ (mraz) — Pre-reform orthography (1945)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Balto-Slavic *márźas

Proto-Slavic *morzъ

Old Church Slavonic мразъ (mrazŭ)

Bulgarian мраз

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic мразъ (mrazŭ), from Proto-Slavic *morzъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mras]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -as

Noun

мраз • (mraz) m

1. frost, rime, hoar

   Synonyms: слана́ (slaná), скреж (skrež), ине́й (inéj)

2. chill, nip (sensation of biting cold)

   Synonym: студ (stud)

3. freeze, cold snap (weather condition)

   Synonym: бахъ́р (bahắr) (dialectal)

Declension

Declension of мраз

	singular	plural
indefinite	мраз mraz	мразове́, мра́зи1 mrazové, mrázi1
definite (subject form)	мра́зът mrázăt	мразове́те, мра́зите1 mrazovéte, mrázite1
definite (object form)	мра́за mráza
count form	—	мра́за mráza

¹Dialectal.

Derived terms

• Дядо Мраз (Djado Mraz) (folklore personage)

verbs

• (iterative) мра́знувам (mráznuvam)
• (causative-iterative) мразя́ (mrazjá)

nouns

• (diminutive) мразе́ц (mrazéc)
• мра́зовец (mrázovec, “autumn crocus”) (dialectal)
• (instrumental noun) мразу́лка (mrazúlka, “ice stalactite”)

adjectives

• мра́зав (mrázav) (dialectal)
• мразли́в (mrazlív)
• мра́зов (mrázov) (obsolete)
• мразови́т (mrazovít)

Related terms

• омра́за (omráza, “hatred”)
• мъ́рзел (mắrzel, “idleness”)

References

• “мраз”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “мраз”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Nayden Gerov (1899), “мразъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 85
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “мраз”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 275
• “мразъ”, in Старобългарски речник [Dictionary of Old Bulgarian] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2026

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *morzъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mras]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

мраз • (mraz) m

1. ice
2. (meteorology) frost

Declension

Declension of мраз

	singular	plural
indefinite	мраз (mraz)	мразови (mrazovi)
definite unspecified	мразот (mrazot)	мразовите (mrazovite)
definite proximal	мразов (mrazov)	мразовиве (mrazovive)
definite distal	мразон (mrazon)	мразовине (mrazovine)
vocative	мразу (mrazu)	мразови (mrazovi)
count form	—	мраза (mraza)

Synonyms

• лед (led)

Related terms

• Дедо Мраз (Dedo Mraz)
• замрзнува (zamrznuva)
• замрзнувач (zamrznuvač)
• мразулец (mrazulec)
• мрзне (mrzne)
• одмрзнува (odmrznuva)

Pannonian Rusyn

Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak mráz, from Proto-Slavic *morzъ. Cognates include Carpathian Rusyn мо́роз (móroz) and Slovak mráz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmras]
• Rhymes: -as
• Hyphenation: мраз

Noun

мраз (mraz) m inan (relational adjective мразови or мразни)

1. frost, chill (cold weather, low temperature)

   вноци бул вельки мраз, жем змарзла

   vnoci bul velʹki mraz, žem zmarzla

   there was a severe frost at night, the ground froze

2. hoarfrost

   Synonym: ина (ina)

   Дїдо Мраз ― Djido Mraz ― Father Frost

3. (figuratively) goose bumps, chills

   Synonyms: жима (žima), жимносц (žimnosc)

   аж по мнє мраз прешол ― až po mnje mraz prešol ― I got goosebumps

Declension

Declension of мраз (mraz)

	singular	plural
nominative	мраз (mraz)	мрази (mrazi)
genitive	мразу (mrazu)	мразох (mrazox)
dative	мразу (mrazu)	мразом (mrazom)
accusative	мраз (mraz)	мрази (mrazi)
instrumental	мразом (mrazom)	мразами (mrazami)
locative	мразу (mrazu)	мразох (mrazox)
vocative	мраже (mraže)	мрази (mrazi)

Related terms

verbs

• марзнуц impf (marznuc)
• мражиц impf (mražic)

References

• Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M.; Timko-Djitko, O. (2010), “мраз”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy, page 455
• Fejsa, M.; Šlemender, M.; Čelʹovski, S. (2022), “frost”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 122

Russian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic мразъ (mrazŭ), from Proto-Slavic *morzъ. Doublet of моро́з (moróz), the inherited East Slavic form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mras]
• Rhymes: -as

Noun

мраз • (mraz) m inan (genitive мра́за, nominative plural мра́зы, genitive plural мра́зов)

1. (obsolete, folk poetic) frost

Declension

Declension of мраз (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	мра́з mráz	мра́зы mrázy
genitive	мра́за mráza	мра́зов mrázov
dative	мра́зу mrázu	мра́зам mrázam
accusative	мра́з mráz	мра́зы mrázy
instrumental	мра́зом mrázom	мра́зами mrázami
prepositional	мра́зе mráze	мра́зах mrázax

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *morzъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mrâz/

Noun

мра̏з m inan (Latin spelling mrȁz)

1. frost
2. chill

Declension

Declension of мраз

	singular	plural
nominative	мраз	мразови
genitive	мраза	мразова
dative	мразу	мразовима
accusative	мраз	мразове
vocative	мразу	мразови
locative	мразу	мразовима
instrumental	мразем	мразовима

Further reading

• “мраз”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026