աթոռ

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Armenian

աթոռ (1)

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Armenian աթոռ (atʻoṙ).

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

Noun

աթոռ • (atʻoṙ)

  1. chair
  2. (rare) throne

Declension

i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)
singular plural
nominative աթոռ (atʻoṙ) աթոռներ (atʻoṙner)
dative աթոռի (atʻoṙi) աթոռների (atʻoṙneri)
ablative աթոռից (atʻoṙicʻ) աթոռներից (atʻoṙnericʻ)
instrumental աթոռով (atʻoṙov) աթոռներով (atʻoṙnerov)
locative աթոռում (atʻoṙum) աթոռներում (atʻoṙnerum)
definite forms
nominative աթոռը/աթոռն (atʻoṙə/atʻoṙn) աթոռները/աթոռներն (atʻoṙnerə/atʻoṙnern)
dative աթոռին (atʻoṙin) աթոռներին (atʻoṙnerin)
1st person possessive forms (my)
nominative աթոռս (atʻoṙs) աթոռներս (atʻoṙners)
dative աթոռիս (atʻoṙis) աթոռներիս (atʻoṙneris)
ablative աթոռիցս (atʻoṙicʻs) աթոռներիցս (atʻoṙnericʻs)
instrumental աթոռովս (atʻoṙovs) աթոռներովս (atʻoṙnerovs)
locative աթոռումս (atʻoṙums) աթոռներումս (atʻoṙnerums)
2nd person possessive forms (your)
nominative աթոռդ (atʻoṙd) աթոռներդ (atʻoṙnerd)
dative աթոռիդ (atʻoṙid) աթոռներիդ (atʻoṙnerid)
ablative աթոռիցդ (atʻoṙicʻd) աթոռներիցդ (atʻoṙnericʻd)
instrumental աթոռովդ (atʻoṙovd) աթոռներովդ (atʻoṙnerovd)
locative աթոռումդ (atʻoṙumd) աթոռներումդ (atʻoṙnerumd)

Derived terms

Old Armenian

Etymology

The origin is uncertain.[1] An overview of opinions follows.

Etymological note

Windischmann compared with Ancient Greek θρόνος (thrónos, “seat, throne”).[2] The comparison was revived by Marr, who derived both from a “Japhetic” root in the framework of his discredited Japhetic theory.[3]

Müller derived from Aramaic אתר (ʾtr), אתרא (ʾtrʾ, “place”), Classical Syriac ܐܬܪ (ʾăṯar), ܐܬܪܐ (ʾaṯrā, “place”), for the sense development comparing Persian گاه (gâh, “throne; place”).[4][5] This is rejected by de Lagarde and Hübschmann.[6][7]

Hiwnkʻearpēyēntean derived from Turkish oturmak (“to take a sit”), oturak (“seat, stool”).[8] Ačaṙyan rejected the comparison because the older forms of the Turkic word contain an -l-: compare Chagatai اولتورمق (olturmaq, “to sit”).[1]

Karst connected with Sumerian 𒉣𒇬 (/⁠tur⁠/, “animal stall; triclinium; a place used to hold something or someone”).[9]

J̌ahukyan and Olsen mark the origin as unknown, with J̌ahukyan remarking that աթոռ (atʻoṙ) is a late acquisition absent from Proto-Armenian.[10][11][12]

Perhaps from the name of Assur, the capital of the Assyrian Empire: compare Classical Syriac ܐܬܘܪ‎‎ (ʾtwr /⁠ʾĀṯūr⁠/, “the city of Assur”),[13] sometimes transcribed as Āṯōr,[14][15] Old Persian 𐎠𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎠 (a-θ-u-r-a /⁠Aθurā⁠/, “Assyria”), ultimately from Akkadian 𒀸𒋩 (Aššur). The sense development could have been "capital, throne city, the Seat" → "throne, seat". For such a lexicalisation of city names in Mesopotamia, the most advanced civilisation neighbouring Proto-Armenians, compare բաւիղ (bawił), քաղաք (kʻałakʻ). In this case, a doublet of ասորի (asori).

Noun

աթոռ • (atʻoṙ)

  1. chair, seat; bench; throne
    նստուցանել յաթոռ ― nstucʻanel yatʻoṙ ― to make one sit on a throne or chair; to throne
    նստել յաթոռ ― nstel yatʻoṙ ― to sit on a chair or throne
    աթոռս արկանել ― atʻoṙs arkanel ― to give seats or chairs
    ելանել յաթոռոյ ― elanel yatʻoṙoy ― to rise up, to get up
  2. a seat used in evacuating the bowels or in urinating, stool
  3. (Biblical tradition) throne (the third highest order of angel in Christian angelology, ranked above minions and below cherubim)

Declension

o-type
singular plural
nominative աթոռ (atʻoṙ) աթոռք (atʻoṙkʻ)
genitive աթոռոյ (atʻoṙoy) աթոռոց (atʻoṙocʻ)
dative աթոռոյ (atʻoṙoy) աթոռոց (atʻoṙocʻ)
accusative աթոռ (atʻoṙ) աթոռս (atʻoṙs)
ablative աթոռոյ (atʻoṙoy) աթոռոց (atʻoṙocʻ)
instrumental աթոռով (atʻoṙov) աթոռովք (atʻoṙovkʻ)
locative աթոռ (atʻoṙ) աթոռս (atʻoṙs)

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Armenian: աթոռ (atʻoṙ)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “աթոռ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 89ab
  2. ^ Windischmann, Friedrich (1846) Über die Grundlage des Armenischen im arischen Sprachstamme (in German), München: Königlich-Bayerische Akad. der Wiss., page 12
  3. ^ Marr, N. Ja. (1935) Избранные работы [Selected Works]‎[1] (in Russian), volume V, Leningrad, Moscow: Государственное социально-экономическое издательство, pages 76, 363
  4. ^ Müller, Friedrich (1863) “Beiträge zur Lautlehre der armenischen Sprache”, in Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Classe (in German), volume 41, page 11
  5. ^ Müller, Friedrich (1894) “Pahlawi, neupersische und armenische Etymologien”, in Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes (in German), volume 8, page 280
  6. ^ Lagarde, Paul de (1877) Armenische Studien (in German), Göttingen: Dieterich, § 23, page 7
  7. ^ Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 300
  8. ^ Hiwnkʻearpēyēntean, Yovhannēs (1894) “աթոռ”, in Stugabanakan baṙaran hayocʻ lezui [Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Language]‎[2] (in Armenian), Constantinople: G. Paġtatlean Press, pages 153–154
  9. ^ Karst, Josef (1911) “Zur ethnischen Stellung der Armenier”, in Nersēs Akinean, editor, Huschardzan: Festschrift aus Anlass des 100-jahrigen Bestandes der Mechitaristen-Kongregation in Wien (1811–1911), und des 25. Jahrganges der philosophischen Monatsschrift Handes amsorya (1887–1911) (in German), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, page 408
  10. ^ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʻ lezvi patmutʻyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period]‎[3] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 264
  11. ^ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “աթոռ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 24b
  12. ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 950
  13. ^ Marciak, Michał (2017) Sophene, Gordyene, and Adiabene: Three Regna Minora of Northern Mesopotamia Between East and West‎[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill
  14. ^ Jensen, P. (1898) Hittiter und Armenier (in German), Strassburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 214
  15. ^ Widengren G. (December 15, 1987) “ĀSŌRISTĀN”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York

Further reading

  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “աթոռ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “աթոռ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 4b
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