بیم

See also: تیم

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (bym /⁠bīm⁠/, “fear, fright, dread”), from Proto-Iranian *biHmáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰiHmás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to fear”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠(𐬀)𐬌𐬌- (b(a)ii-, “to fear”), Sanskrit बिभेति (bibheti, “to fear”) (compare identical formation भीम (bhīmá, “fearful”)), Old Church Slavonic боꙗти (bojati, “to fear”) (Russian бояться (bojatʹsja)) and Old English bifian (“to shiver”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [biːm]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [biːm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [biːm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [biːm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [bim]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [biːm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [bim]

Readings
Classical reading?	bīm
Dari reading?	bīm
Iranian reading?	bim
Tajik reading?	bim

Noun

Dari	بیم
Iranian Persian
Tajik	бим

بیم • (bim)

1. fear
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3068:

     هر محال از دست او ممکن شود / هر حرون از بیم او ساکن شود

     har muhâl az dast-i-ô mumkin šawad / har harûn az bîm-i-ô sâkun šawad

     By His hand every impossible thing is made possible; by fear of Him every unruly one is made quiet.

Synonyms

• ترس (tars)
• سهم (sahm)

Derived terms

• بیمناک (bimnâk)
• بیمه (bime)

References

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “beem”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “bīm”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
• Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 3