خشک

Persian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews-

Proto-Indo-European *-kos

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsúškas

Proto-Iranian *Hhúškah

Persian خشک

Inherited from Proto-Iranian *Hhúškah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsúškas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews- + *-kos. Cognate with Sanskrit शुष्क (śuṣka).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈxuʃk/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xʊʃk]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xʊʃk]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xʊʃk]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xuʃk]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xoʃkʰʲ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χuʃk]

Readings
Classical reading?	xušk
Dari reading?	xušk
Iranian reading?	xošk
Tajik reading?	xušk

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Adjective

خشک • (xušk / xošk) (Tajik spelling хушк)

1. dry
2. arid

Derived terms

• خشک شدن (xošk šodan)
• خشک کردن (xošk kardan)
• خشکسالی (xošksâli)
• خشکی (xoški)

Descendants

• > Tajik: хушк (xušk) (inherited)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: ख़ुश्क (xuśk)

  Urdu: خُشْک (xuśk)

• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ੁਸ਼ਕ (xuśk)

  Shahmukhi script: خُشْک (xuśk)

Urdu

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews-

Proto-Indo-European *-kos

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsúškas

Proto-Iranian *Hhúškah

Classical Persian خُشْک (xušk)bor.

Urdu خشک

Borrowed from Classical Persian خُشْک (xušk), from Proto-Iranian *Hhúškah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsúškas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews- + *-kos. Doublet of سُوکھا (sūkhā, “dried up”) and شُشْک (śuśk). Cognate with Punjabi خُشْک (xuśk).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xʊʃk/
• Rhymes: -ʊʃk

Adjective

خُشْک • (xuśk) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ख़ुश्क)

1. dry
2. parched
3. withered

Further reading

• “خشک”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “خشک”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “خشک”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884), “خشك”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 490
• Fallon, S. W. (1879), “خشک”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
• John Shakespear (1834), “خشک”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC